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Alevel BiO ;) > gene mutation > Flashcards

gene mutation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a unipotent stem cell

A

can only differentiate into one other cell

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2
Q

what is a totipotent stem cell

A

can differentiate into any adult stem cell

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3
Q

where are totipotent stem cells found

A

in the early stages of embryo development

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4
Q

where are unipotent stem cells found

A

mature mammals

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5
Q

what is a multipotent stem cell

A

can differentiate into most cells but not all, blood cells are common

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6
Q

where are multipotent cells found

A

mature mammals

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7
Q

what are pluripotent stem cells found

A

early stages of embryo

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8
Q

what is a pluripotent stem cell

A

can differentiate into any tissue in the body

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9
Q

what is a mutagenic agent

A

a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material this will increase the frequency of mutations

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10
Q

what is an oncogene

A

a gene that has the potential to cause cancer

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11
Q

what are induced multipotent cells

A

skin or blood cells that have been reprogrammed back to their embryonic-like pluripotent state therefore can differentiate into any tissue cell

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12
Q

what are three tissue layers called

A

ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

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13
Q

what happens in an insertion mutation

A

one or more bases are added

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14
Q

what happens in a deletion mutation

A

one or more bases are removed

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15
Q

what happens in a substitution mutation

A

where one or more bases are swapped for another

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16
Q

what happens in an inversion mutation

A

a sequence of bases is reversed

17
Q

what happens in a duplication mutation

A

one or more of the bases are repeated

18
Q

what is the effect of a duplication mutation

A

can cause a frame shift but can also an increase in repeating subunits and causes genetic disease

19
Q

what is the efefct of a deletion mutation

A

can cause frame shift

20
Q

what is the effect of an insertion mutation

A

can cause frame shift

21
Q

what is the effect of a substitution mutation

A

can result in no change as amino acid sequence could stay the same

22
Q

what is the effect of an inversion mutation

A

can result in no chnage because amino acid sequence could stay the same

23
Q

what is interference RNA

A

a biological process to which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation by neutralising traget mRNA molecules

24
Q

what is degenerate code

A

some amino acids are coded for by than more than one codon

Alevel BiO ;) (32 decks)

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