enzymes and digestion

Question 1

what does the oesophagus do

Answer 1

carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 2

what is the role of the stomach

Answer 2

it is a muscular sac with an inner layer that produces enzymes. it stores and digest food especially proteins this is where proteases are produced

Question 3

whAt is the ileum ( small intestine )

Answer 3

a long musclular tissue. food is further digested in the ileum by enzymes that are produced by its wall. the inner walls of ileum are further folded into cvilli which gives them a large sa. villi is further increased in SA by microvilli on the epithelial cells of each villus

Question 4

what is the role of the large intestine

Answer 4

absorbing water

Question 5

what is the function of the rectum

Answer 5

faeces are stored here before periodically being removed via the anus in egestion

Question 6

define hydrolysis

Answer 6

the break down of a molecule by adding water to the chemical bonds

Question 7

what is a carbohydrase

Answer 7

hydrolyses the glycosidic bonds between carbohydrates into ultimately its monosaccarides

Question 8

what is a lipase

Answer 8

an enzyme that hydrolses the ester bond between the glycerol and fatty acids in lipids

Question 9

what are proteases

Answer 9

hydrolyses proteins ultimately into amino acids

Question 10

what si the function of sucrase

Answer 10

hydrolyses the glycosidic bond in the sucrose molecule to produce two monosaccharides of glucose and fructose

Question 11

what si the function of lactase

Answer 11

to hydrolyse the glycosisc bond between galactose and glucose in the lactose molecule

Question 12

what is a micelle

Answer 12

tiny droplets of fatty acids

Question 13

how do lipids become micelles

Answer 13

bile salts

Question 14

what si the process of lipids becoming micelles called

Answer 14

emulsification

Question 15

what is the benefit of having a micelles

Answer 15

larger surface area = faster absorption

Question 16

where are bile salts produced

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

where does an endopeptidase act

Answer 17

in the central region of a protein molecule

Question 18

where does an exopeptidase act

Answer 18

at the end of amino acids

Question 19

what si the function of a dipeptide

Answer 19

to hydrolyse the peptide bond between two amino acids

Question 20

what is the function of an endopeptidase

Answer 20

to hydrolyse peptide bond between amino acids in the central region of the protein molecule

Question 21

what is the function of an exopeptidase

Answer 21

to hydrolyse the peptide bonds between amino acids at the terminal end of a protein molecule

Question 22

what si the structure of the ileum like

Answer 22

• villi
  ( villi are lining with epithelial cells that on the other side is a rich supply of capillaries)
  epithelial cells have microvilli
• ileum has muscle so are able to move ( this helps to maintain diffusion gradients because their movements help to mix th contents of the ileum.