Cells Flashcards
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The RER folds and processes and sends them to the Golgi apparatus, bound with ribosomes that’s the bit that creates the proteins.
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesis lipids. The SER synthesises many lipids such as cholesterol and other molecules such as steroids and hormones for use inside the cell and to export out
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies proteins and lipids before packaging them into Golgi vesicles
The vesicles then transport the proteins and lipids to their required destination
What do lysosomes contain!
Lysozymes
What are lysozymes!
Digestive enzymes which digest material inside the cell
Are lysosomes membrane bound!
Yes
Why are they membrane bound???
It protects the rest of the cell from the lysozymes activity
What does hydrolytic mean???
Can enable hydrolysis - lysozymes do this.
What is hydrolysis
The process of breaking down large polymers and their covalent bonds by adding water - the opposite of condensation polymerisation!
what are aspects of the golgi apparatus’ structure
it has cisternae folds that (folded up flattened sacs) makes up the membrane increases SA
what is the function of the ribosome
site of protein synthesis
which ribosome is found in eukaryotes
80S
what is the function of the nucleus
controls the cells activity, it contains the cells chromosomes
what structure are found within the nucleus
nuclear envelope - double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and is continuous with the ER - it controls the entry of substances into and out of the cell
nuclear pores - allows the passage of large molecules into and out of nucleus such as mRNA
nucleoplasm - granular jelly like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus
nucleolus - small spherical region within the nucleoplasm that manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes
what is the function of the mitochondria
mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration (the krebs cycles and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway) - therefore are responsible for the production of ATP
what is the structure of the mitochondria
double membraned
cristae - extensions of the the double surrounding membrane, these folds increase the SA for enzyme attachment
matrix - remainder of space is occupied bu a fluid filled matrix it contains ribosomeS, DNA, proteins and lipids and so the mitochondrion can make its own proteins. many of the enzymes are also found here ( the respiration ones
what is the fluid suspension called in cell fractionation
supernatant
how can you be sure something on a microscope slide is an artefact
repeat test and if the same structure isnt there then is probably an artefact
why might a light microscope not be able to see internal structures
wavelength is too large
the resolution is only 0.2 micrometres
just a fact
algal and eukaryotic chloroplasts have slightly different structures
what is a way of remembering the way organelles separate off in cell fractionation
