Gene Baics Flashcards
Where is the gene located
Fixed position on a chromosome
What is an allele
1 of a pair of alternative forms of a gene that occur at a given locus on a chromosome
Genotype
Genetic constitution of an organism. aA
Phenotype
Observable characters of an organism, physical makeup
What is the law of segregation
Segregation of different alleles into diff gametes. One factor from each parent
Genome
Complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
Transcriptome
Complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome
Genomics
Study of genes, their expression and function
Human genome project
Determines the sequences of nucleotides in the DNA of human genomes
What is law of independent assortment
Is what it is, mainly dihybrid cross
One chromosome has 2 what
Identical chromatids
Each chromatid contains what
One DNA molecule
The p and q arm are which
P is the shorter one
What is the centromere
Constricted part of the chromosome
The DNA in each chromatid is formed into a compact structure by
Proteins called histones
Mono hybrid cross
Crossing of 2 different alleles for one specific genetic locus of interest, flower colour
Dihybrid cross is what
Crossing of different alleles for more than one genetic locus of interest, seed colour and texture
What is responsible for segregation and independent assortment of genes and in what phase
Disjunction and in prophase I
Examples of co dominance and incomplete dominance
Co - blood type
Incomp - skin colour
Pleiotrophy
One gene can influence multiple phenotypic characters
What is epistasis
One gene being dependent on the expression of another gene
Polygenic inheritance
Polygenic inheritance occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes.
Karyotype
An organized profile of a person’s chromosomes
Human karyotype has how many groups
7 + sex chromosomes
Genes located on the same do not do what
Independently assort due to their physical linkage
What is the pseudo-autosomal region
Regions at the end of sex chromosomes. Inherited similarly to autosomal alleles
Genetic disorders are caused by what 2 factors
Abnormal chromosomal numbers and structures (mutations)
What is a gene
Unit of function that controls the synthesis of at least one polypeptide chain/RNA molecule
Fathers pass X linked alleles to who
Daughters
Mothers pass X linked alleles to who
Daughters and sons
Y chromosome produces what
Testis determining factor TDF which is on the SRY sex determining region protein
Are there any Y Linked diseases
No besides male sterility
