Gender Inequality: 40 Mark Question Plan for Gender Inequality Flashcards
What will be the overarching sociological theory for all points?
Feminism
What is the situation for the first point explaining the relationship between gender and social inequalities?
They argue it is a weak link
P1 Point and location of inequality (Liberal Feminists)
Liberal Feminists argue there is a weak relationship between gender and social inequalities in the Workplace
P1 Supporting legislation (2 pieces)
1970 Equal Pay Act, 1975 Sex Discrimination Act
What did the 1970 equal pay act do?
It gave women much more equal pay to men
What did the 1975 Sex Discrimination Act do?
It banned discrimination on the basis of gender in the workplace
P1 Supporting Study (Liberal Feminists)
Sharpe
What did Sharpe find with girls in the 1970s?
They were focussed on starting a family when they left school
What did Sharpe find with girls in the 1990s?
They were focussed on pursuing a career when they left school
What does DfE (2020) Data show about female attainment compared to male attainment?
Girls have 6 points higher scores in Attainment 8 compared to boys.
What would radical Feminists say about this liberal feminist argument in relation to the gender pay gap?
There is still a gender pay gap
P1 Evaluation Study (Radical Feminists)
Fawcett Society
How many reasons did the Fawcett Society make for why there is a gender pay gap?
4
According to the Fawcett Society, what was a reason for the gender pay gap in relation to discrimination against women
When female employees become mothers, they are often dismissed from their workplace
According to the Fawcett society, what will women be unable to pursue if they are fired for becoming a mother?
They will be unable to pursue a career
What do radical feminists argue about the purpose of the family for girls?
It is to prepare them for being exploited by the patriarchy
Which radical feminist said the family is a site for oppression of women?
Johnson
What did Johnson call domestic violence?
Patriarchal terrorism
Why did Johnson call domestic violence patriarchal terrorism?
Women do not know when they will be abused by their husband next
P2 Point and location of inequality (Radical Feminists)
Radical Feminists would say there is a strong connection between gender and social inequalities in the Family
P2 Supporting Study
Dobash and Dobash
What did Dobash and Dobash argue men feel they have the right to do to their wives in their family?
They have the ‘right to discipline’ them
What is one event that may cause men to feel like they have the right to discipine their wives?
If they do not cook them dinner
P2 Evaluation Study (New Right)
Schlafly
What would New Right sociologists say traditional gender roles reflect in terms of differences?
Traditional gender roles reflect biological differences between men and women
Why does Schlafly say traditional gender roles are good for women>?
They will get more satisfaction from being a housewife than from getting a job
Why does Schlafly argue women will get more satisfaction from being a housewife?
They will be able to raise their children
P3 Point and location of inequality (Marxist-Feminists)
Social inequalities are linked to gender inequality in Youth Cultures
P3 Supporting Study
McRobbie and Garber
What did girls have to do instead of going outside with a youth culture?
Stay in their house
What would girls be more likely to do if they stayed in their house, according to McRobbie and Garber?
Do chores in their house
What form of youth culture did girls make to adapt to their gender roles, according to McRobbie and Garber?
Bedroom culture
What did the girls learn in the magazines they read?
The codes of femininity
Name 2 values that girls obtained from the codes of femininity
Valuing fashion, Valuing beauty
Name 2 magazines girls used in bedroom culture
Jackie, Cathy and Claire
What did the codes of feminity socialise girls into?
Socialised them into their gender roles
What would Postmodernists say about youth cultures acting as a way to enforce gender inequality?
Youth cultures have been replaced with neo-tribes
P3 Evaluation Study (Postmodernists)
Maffesoli
What did Maffesoli argue about the situation for youth cultures in postmodern societies?
Youth cultures had been replaced with neo-tribes
Name 2 characteristics of neo-tribes
No fixed norms and values, no fixed membership
What is the situation for boys and girls in joining neo-tribes?
Both boys and girls can join neo-tribes
P4 Point and location of inequality (Liberal Feminists)
Liberal Feminists would say there is a relationship between gender and social inequality in the Family.
P4 Supporting Study
Oakley
What do Liberal Feminists argue causes gender inequality in the family?
Gender role socialisation
Name 2 processes of gender role socialisation in the family
Canalisation, Verbal appellations
What do verbal appellations do?
They enforce the way that boys and girls should present themselves in society
Give 1 boy verbal appellation and one girl verbal appellation
Boy: “Brave boy” Girl: “Pretty girl”
What is canalisation?
When children are given toys that suit their gender role
Name a type of toy boys may be given by their parents
Toy car
Name a type of toy girls may be given by their parents
Toy kitchen set
What does canalisation teach boys and what does it teach girls?
Teaches boys they need to be active, teaches girls they need to take a domestic role
What value do girls learn for their gender role if they are given make up kits?
Value of beauty
What would Marxists say Liberal Feminists explanations of gender inequality ignore with who benefits gender roles?
The ruling class benefit from traditional gender roles
P4 Evaluation Study (Marxists)
Engels
What will wives provide their husbands with in traditional gender roles?
Emotional support
According to Engels, what is the impact on a mans work if their wife provides them emotional support?
They will be more productive
According to Engels, why will traditional gender roles prevent men from being aware of their exploited position in wider society?
The control men have over their wives is enough to keep them happy
P5 Point and location of inequality (Intersectional Feminists)
Intersectional Feminists argue social inequalities and gender with ethnicity are strongly related in the Education System.
In Mirza’s study, what was the impact on the attainment of the black girls?
They got lower attainment
P5 Supporting Studies
Basit, Mirza
In Mirza’s study, how did teachers act towards their black female students due to the stereotypes given?
They would not give them extra support in lessons
In Basit’s study, what aspirations did teacheres believe Muslim girls had?
That they wanted to become housewives
What did Basit study?
The way teachers acted towards Muslim schoolgirls
In Basit’s study, what did teachers assume about female Muslim students?
They had different aspirations to the rest of the students
In Basit’s study, how did the assumptions of teachers impact the Muslim girls?
They were put into lower sets
What was the result of Muslim girls being put into lower sets for their educational outcomes?
Their attainment would be lower
P5 Evaluation Study (Other sociologists)
Fuller
What did Fuller say pupils have with the way they are treated by teachers?
They have agency over the way they are treated
How did teachers treat a group of black schoolgirl’s in Fuller’s study?
They were called lazy and stupid
How did the girls in Fuller’s study respond to the negative assumptions by teachers?
They worked hard to get good grades
