Class Inequality: 40 Mark Question Plan for Class Inequality Flashcards
How many main point paragraphs do you need to write?
5 main point paragraphs
Which 3 sociological theories believe there is a relationship between class and social inequalities?
Marxists, Neo-Marxists, Weberians
P1 Point and location of class inequality in society (Marxists)
Marxists argue there is a connection between class and social inequalities in the workplace`
Do you need to evaluate in 40 mark questions?
Yes
What did Marx and Engels say exists if there is a large group of unemployed working class people?
A reserve army of labor
P1 Supporting Study (Marxists)
Marx and Engels
What will the reserve army of labor be used for if existing workers go on strike?
The reserve army of labor will take their jobd
Why can the bourgeoisie use the reserve army of labor in terms of wages?
They will work for lower wages
What does it mean for revolution attempts of the proletariat if the bourgeoisie have the reserve army of labor?
Revolution attempts will not work
P1 Evaluation Study (New Right)
Murray
What would Murray say the unemployed working class use to live?
The welfare state
What does Murray call the unemployed working class that depend on the welfare state?
The underclass
According to Murray, what form of culture has developed in the unemployed working class
Dependency culture
P2 Point and location of class inequality in society (Marxists)
Marxists say there is a relationship between class and social inequalities in education
P2 Supporting Study (Marxists)
Bowles and Gintis
What myth did Bowles and Gintis say is enforced in the education system?
Myth of meritocracy
What do Bowles and Gintis argue working class pupils should blame their failure on?
Capitalism
According to Bowles and Gintis, what will working class students blame their failure on?
Blame their failure on themselves
According to Bowles and Gintis, what form of deprivation do working class students suffer with?
Material deprivation
Name 2 things working class students will be unable to afford
A desk, Textbooks
P2 Evaluation Study (Functionalists)
Parsons
What would Parsons say about the education system?
Education is meritocratic
What does Parsons say working class students need to do to succeed in education?
They need to work hard
P3 Supporting Study and location of class inequality(Marxists)
Marxists would say class inequality is connected and maintained to the people who own the media.
P3 supporting Study (Marxists)
Althusser
What did Althusser say the media is part of?
The ideological state apparatus
What is the ideological state apparatus?
The institutions in society that enforce ruling class norms and values
What percentage of newspapers are owned by 2 billionaires?
50%
How do the media portray trade unions when they strike?
They portray them negatively
What is the reality with the purpose of trade union strikes?
They are doing it to improve their conditions
When did a railway union strike and was demonised by the media? (To the month)
December 2022
What was the name of the railroad union leader and what did the media call him?
Mick Lynch, was called “Mick Grinch”
P3 Evaluation Study (Postmodernists)
Lyotard
What would Lyotard say about this Marxist explanation of class inequality?
It is outdated
What would Lyotard call Marxism overall?
An outdated metanarrative
According to Lyotard, what is the situation with media consumption in the present day?
People will get their news from a variety of different sources
Name 2 apps that can act as news sources
Twitter, Facebook
P4 Point and location of class inequality (Neo-Marxists)
Neo-Marxists believe youth cultures act to resist class inequality
P4 Supporting Study (Neo-Marxists)
Gramsci
What did Gramsci say young people can become aware of?
Become aware of the capitalist hegemony
What form of consciousness does Gramsci say is made when youths realise the capitalist hegemony?
Dual class consciousness
What is dual class consciousness?
Where young people know which norms and values they want to follow and which ones they have to follow
According to Gramsci, what will youths do when they experience dual class consciousness?
Form a youth culture
P4 Evaluation Study (Postmodernists)
Maffesoli
What would Maffesoli say about youth cultures?
They have been replaced with neo-tribes
Name 2 characteristics of neo-tribes
No fixed membership, no fixed set of norms and values
According to Maffesoli, what will it mean for the idea of neo-tribes possibly resisting capitalism in relation to their norms and values?
If they do try and resist capitalism they will only do it for a short amount of time.
P5 Point and location of class inequality (Neo-Marxists)
Class and social inequalities are related due to intentions of committing crimes
P5 Supporting Study (Neo-Marxists)
Taylor, Walton and Young
What did Taylor, Walton and Young say about why working class people commit crimes?
They do it as a deliberate political act
What would Taylor, Walton and Young say is the reason for WC people shoplifting?
It is to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor
How is shoplifting redistributing wealth from the rich to the poor?
Poor people are getting food or a product and are preventing the shop owners from making a profit
P5 Evaluation Study (Survey)
Islington Crime Survey
What does the Islington Crime Survey show about working class crime?
Working class people often commit crimes against other working class people
What did 1/3 of houses experience in the ICS?
1/3 of houses had experienced some form of serious crime in the last year
How many times higher than the national burglary rate was the burglary rate in Islington?
5 times higher
Which city was Islington located near?
London
