Ethnic Inequality: 40 Mark Question Plan for Ethnic Inequality Flashcards
P1 Point and location of inequality (Functionalists)
Functionalists argue there is ethnic inequality in society because of the host-immigrant model. Location of inequality - Family
P1 Supporting Study (Functionalist)
Patterson
What concept did Patterson create?
Host-immigrant model
What is the first part of the host-immigrant model in relation to fear?
British people fear how immigrants coming into their country will impact their way of life
What did Pattern say interrupted the social equilibrium of Britain in the 1950s?
Immigration by the Windrush Generation
What is the second part of the host-immigrant model in relation to resentment?
Hosts will resent having to compete with immigrants for jobs and houses
P1 Evaluation Study (Weberians)
Weber
What is the third part of the host-immigrant model in relation to assimilation?
Immigrants will not assimilate into British culture
What would Weberians argue causes ethnic inequality in the Workplace?
Social closure
What might happen to a Black person in an interview for a job?
They might be rejected
What is social closure?
The process of protecting status and power from others in society
How does a Black person being rejected from a job relate to social closure?
They will be unable to get promotions in that job as they have been rejected from it
P2 Point and location of inequality (New Right)
New Right sociologists believe ethnic inequality comes from equality of opportunity for Work
P2 Supporting Study (New Right)
Saunders
According to Saunders, what is equality of opportunity?
Where all people in society are given the same opportunities to get large rewards in society
According to Saunders, what is equality of outcome?
Where all people in society get the same rewards no matter the amount of work they have put in
What do ONS Statistics (2021) show about the percentage of Black and White people in managerial positions?
4.5% of Black people are in managerial positions, while 10% of White people are in managerial positions
What would New Right sociologists say about ONS Data (2021)?
It shows White people work harder with the opportunities they have been given
P2 Evaluation Study (Interactionists)
Gillborn
How did teachers label Black students in Gillborn’s study?
Labelled them as deviant
How did Black students respond in Gillborns study to being labelled deviant?
They created an anti-school subculture
In Gillborn’s study, why did Black students create anti-school subcultures?
To resist racism from teachers
What was the impact for Black students of creating an ASSC due to negative labelling?
Their attainment got worse
P3 Point (Marxists)
The reserve army of labor creates ethnic inequality
P3 Supporting Study (Marxists)
Castles and Kosack
What is the reserve army of labor?
The people that can be brought into work if the working class go on strike
Which group in society did castles and Kosack argue made up a large portion of the reserve army of labor?
Immigrants
What will the reserve army of labor accept to work?
Lower pay
What will the bourgeoisie be able to ensure if they have a reserve army of labour?
They will be able to keep making profit
What would Murray say about why many ethnic minorities are unemployed?
They are unemployed by choice
P3 Evaluation Study (New Right)
Murray
According to Murray, what class has developed in society?
The underclass
What do the underclass do?
They claim benefits
What culture have the underclass developed, according to Murray?
Dependency culture
P4 Point and location of inequality (Neo-Marxists)
Ethnic inequality is the reason for the formation of Youth Cultures
P4 Supporting Study (Neo-Marxist)
Hebdige
What was the purpose of forming a rastafarian youth culture?
It was to resist inequalities faced in society
What ethnic minority youth culture did Hebdige study?
Rastafarians
Name 2 things rastafarians did in their youth culture
Grew dreadlocks and listened to reggae music
Why were these attributes present in the rastafarian youth culture?
So they could feel their culture was properly represented
P4 Evaluation Study (Postmodernists)
Maffesoli
What is the ethnicity situation for who can join neo-tribes?
People from any ethnic background can join neo-tribes
What would Maffesoli argue about youth cultures in the present day?
They have been replaced with neo-tribes
Give 2 characteristics of neo-tribes
No fixed set of norms and values, no deep committment to the culture
P5 Point and Location of inequality (Neo-Marxists)
Hall argues ethnic inequality is enforced by the Media
P5 Supporting Study (Neo-Marxist)
Hall
What did Hall study?
Black muggers
What was the reason for the Black muggers’ actions in Hall’s study?
They had to do it to survive
What was the economic situation in Britain in the 1970s when the black muggers were present?
There was an economic recession
What was the reality of the scale of black muggings in Hall’s study?
Only a small amount of people engaged in the behaviour
What did the media create around the Black Muggers?
They created a moral panic
What fear did the media create in their report of black muggings?
They made it seem like all young black people were muggers
What class of society owns media companies?
The Bourgeoisie
What did Hall say was the reason for the Black Mugger moral panic?
To distract society from the failure of capitalism at the time
If society was distracted by the black mugger moral panic, what would they not do?
They would not rise up to overthrow capitalism
P5 Evaluation Study (Intersectional Feminists)
Walby
What would Walby say are 2 other things that must be taken into account when looking at ethnic inequality?
Class, Gender
What theory did Walby create?
Triple systems theory
What are the 3 things that make up the triple systems theory?
Class, Gender, Ethnicity
What group of people does Walby argue would be reported on the worst for their deviant actions in British society?
Working class black women
What group of people does Walby argue would not be reported on as badly by the media for deviant actions in British society?
Middle class white men
