Gender Development Case Studies Flashcards
Miscel (1996) study is about that children learn their sex roles by being reinforced directly for doing sex appropriate things and for imitating some sex models, especially the same sex parent? Do parens pay more attention to their children if they do this?
Yes
Fagot (1985) what was his case studies aim?
To see if boys and girls differed in what they found rewarding, particularly interested in how teachers and peers reinforced the behaviour of children.
What was fagot (1985) method & results?
- studied 2year olds in playgroup, defining reinforcement as praise or criticism as ignoring good or bad behaviour.
- girls:influenced by both teachers and also peers, showing disapproval is other girl played with boys.
- boys:appeared not to be influenced by teachers and were only influenced by their peers in ‘masculine activities’
What is modelling?
- adult provides it
- children imitate it
Williams (1986) conclusion from the study?
This shows tv changes/shows people more about how behaviour from the two genders, making people imitate the behaviour, making their attitudes more stereotypical.
What is imitation?
Copying of behaviour
What is identification?
Models who posses qualities perceived as awarding
(SLT) Gender role behaviour example? From mediating cognitive factor stages?
Boy observes dad playing football wanting to be him > retention process: boy has image of his dad playing football so he remembers > motor reproduction: buy practices like his dad > motivational process: dad rewards the boy with praise, making the boy perform football more.
One limitation of SLT explanation of gender development?
If gender development is through observation and reinforcement it is hard to explain that the significant number of people that displays gender - inappropriate behaviour.
(COGNITIVE) gender scheme theory?
It’s a mental structure which an individual holds which contains a number of ideas and associations which guide behaviour.
(COGNITIVE) what is Bems gender scheme theory?
That our experience of gender is creating a gender role behaviour
(COGNITIVE) what is Damon (1977) aim?
To investigate the development of the understanding of gender of children 4-9 years of age and to see whether the concept changed over time.
(COGNITIVE) was Damon 1977 method about that he told children a story about George playing with a doll and that George’s parents said only girls play with dolls & the children were asked if people were right to interfere with the type of toys children played with?
Yes that’s his method for his study
2 strengths of (COGNITIVE) gender schema study?
- id children identify their own sex sooner than kohlberg suggests and that there is no evidence that this is the case
- children do not automatically copy a same sex model
2 weaknesses (COGNITIVE) schema theory?
- the theory can’t explain that boys show more extreme gender-typed behaviour.
- it doesn’t explain why children choose to play with those of the same sex before this age.
