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Psychology Unit 1 > Biological Approach > Flashcards

Biological Approach Flashcards

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0
Q

The central nervous system, especially the brain is essential for what?

A

thought and behaviour.

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1
Q

what is human behaviour strongly influenced by?

A

Genetic inheritance

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2
Q

chemical processes in the brain are responsible for?

A

psychological functioning, can affect the bipolar mood disorder

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3
Q

are the brain and mind the same?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What do philosophers and psychologists argue that the difference between the brain and mind is?

A

The brain is physical & the mind is mental.

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5
Q

what do humans have much in common with?

A

animals

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6
Q

what sort of method is the biological approach?

A

scientific & technological

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7
Q

The function of different structures in the brain are investigated using?

A

EEG & MRI scanners

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8
Q

what do they use to investigate brain function?

A

Animals

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9
Q

What are the case studies about?

A

people who have had brain damage to understand the role of a specific area of the brain for personality, behaviour and perception.

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10
Q

Selective breeding of animals determines what?

A

what the behaviours and characteristics may have a genetic basis

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11
Q

why do these use experimentations with chemicals to effect the brain?

A

to investigate human behaviour

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12
Q

what is the study of identical and non identical twins about?

A

genetic inheritance or human characteristics.

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13
Q

what is genetics?

A

make up of organisms, how genes influence physical and behavioural characteristics.

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14
Q

What is heredity?

A

the traits, characteristics and behavioural tendencies inherited from their parents

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15
Q

what is a genotype?

A

a personals actual genetic make up represented in the normal 23 pairs of chromosomes.

16
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

the actual expression of the persons genetic make up: physical appearance, behavioural and psychological characteristics.

17
Q

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

A

The visibility of them.

18
Q

What is a dominant gene?

A

when either both gene pairs are dominant or one is dominant and one is recessive

19
Q

What is a recessive gene?

A

Does not influence the expression of a physical characteristic

20
Q

What is the disease PKU?

A

Where genotype can be influenced by environmental factors and thus influenced the phenotype. The recessive gene can produce sever learning difficulties: unable to metabolise.

21
Q

(A01) -In twin studies what does monozygotic (MZ) mean?

A

exactly the same - share the same genetic make up.

22
Q

(A01) -In twin studies what does Dizygotic (DZ) mean?

A

aka fraternal twins. Not alike.

23
Q

(A01)- in twin studies what does it mean when they are concordant?

A

if both or neither of the twins exhibits the trait.

24
Q

(A01) - what does it mean if the twins are said to be discordant?

A

When one twin shows the trait and the other does not.

25
Q

(A02)- why is it argued that you would expect higher levels of concordance between MZ and DZ twins for psychological characteristics?

A

Because identical twins are treated the same.

26
Q

(A02)- are environmental experiences more alike for MZ or DZ twins?

A

MZ

27
Q

(A02)- what have psychologists studied about MZ Twins?

A

That they were separated at bring in early life and brought up separately and in different environments.

28
Q

(A01) Adoption studies - investigating heritability - what does it involve?

A

Comparing a trait or characteristics between adopted children and the children of their biological parents.

29
Q

(A01) adoption studies - if a trait/psychological characteristic is heritable what does this mean?

A

the biological children show greater similarity for that characteristics with their biological parents compared to children of adoptive parents.

30
Q

(A01) adoption studies: - an example of role of heritability?

A

heritability coefficient is higher with their natural parents than their adoptive parents

31
Q

(A02) adoption studies: - what’s this got an advantage of?

A

Children sharing a similar environment

32
Q

(A02) adoption studies: - what did Cloniger (1987) report?

A

that sons of alcoholic biological parents were more likely to become alcoholics themselves compared to children reared by adoptive parents

33
Q

2 strengths?

A
  • it is very scientific

- provides strong counter arguments to the nurture side of nature nurture debate.

34
Q

2 weaknesses?

A
  • doesn’t adequately explain how mind and body interact
  • it explains thoughts and behaviour in terms of actions of neurons or biochemicals, ignoring other suitable explanations.

Psychology Unit 1 (21 decks)

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