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Psychology Unit 1 > Biological structures > Flashcards

Biological structures Flashcards

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0
Q

Are some neurons different to others?

A

Yes, they can vary in size and shape.

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1
Q

How many neurones or nerve cells are in the average human nervous system?

A

100 billion

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2
Q

What is a neuron specialised for?

A

Communication to and from muscles/other organs in the body like the heart and stomach.

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3
Q

What is the function of the MOTOR neuron?

A

Carey information from the central nervous system to a muscle, causing the muscle to contract.

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4
Q

What is the function of the SENSORY neuron?

A

Receives messages from the outside world through our different senses then they are sent to the central nervous system.

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5
Q

What is the function of the INTERNEURON?

A

They connect neurons together. Found only in the central nervous system .

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6
Q

What is a cell body?

A

It contain the genetic material (chromosomes) of the cell.

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7
Q

What is an axon?

A

a long extension from the cell body

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8
Q

What is a myelin sheath?

A

It covers nearly all axons in the body. It helps to increase the speed of transmission of the nerve impulse down the axon.

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9
Q

What are terminal buttons?

A

These are at the end of the axon, they send signals to an adjacent cell

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10
Q

What are dendrites ?

A

Receives the impulse or signal from adjacent cell

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11
Q

(Neurotransmitter) what is a serotonin?

A

It regulates sleep and wakefulness and aggressive behaviour and is involved in pain.

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12
Q

(Neurotransmitter) what is endorphins?

A

A collection of neurotransmitters that affect mood and reduce feelings of pain, can be seen as the body’s painkiller chemical.

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13
Q

What’s the different between a motor and a sensory neuron?

A

Motor carries info from the inside whereas the sensory receives messages from the outside.

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14
Q

What is an action potential?

A

An electrical impulse that moves down the neuron and along the axon

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15
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of?

A

The spinal cord and brain.

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16
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

Somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic.

17
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the brain?

A

Brain stem, cerebellum & cerebral hemispheres.

18
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Controls basic functions such as sleeping and waking & bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate

19
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

It is involved in regulating movement and sense of balance

20
Q

What is the cerebral hemispheres?

A

These perform higher function concerned with hearing, vision and memory

21
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Made up of neurons that transmit messages or information to and from the central nervous system

22
Q

What is Somatic?

A

It transmits info from our senses through receptors to the central nervous system

23
Q

What is autonomic ?

A

Transmits info to and from internal bodily organs

24
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

It works without conscious control

25
Q

What does the sympathetic do?

A

Prepares the body for action in threatening situations

26
Q

What does the parasympathetic do?

A

Supports normal body activity, considering and storing bodily energy.

27
Q

Examples of what happens in the sympathetic ?

A
  • dilates pupils
  • increases heart rate
  • sweat
28
Q

Examples of what happens in the parasympathetic?

A
  • contracts pupils
  • decreases heart rate
  • increases ruination by contracting the bladder
29
Q

What is the endocrine system made up of?

A

A number of gland that secrete chemicals, called hormones in the bloodstream.

30
Q

What are the main glands of the endocrine system?

A

Pineal gland, hypothalamus, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, pancreas , testes & ovaries.

31
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located & what does it do?

A

Middle of the brain & it regulates and stimulates other glands.

32
Q

Where is the hypothalamus & what does it do?

A

It’s a small structure in the brain, it controls the pituitary gland and hence the whole of the endocrine system

33
Q

What does the parathyroid gland do?

A

Releases hormones

34
Q

What are the testes and ovaries?

A
  • Testes are in the male and release the male hormone testosterone.
  • Ovaries are in the female and release their hormones oestrogen and progesterone.
35
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located and what do they do?

A

Located immediately above the kidneys, they secrete a number of chemicals. Chemicals prepare the body in an emergency for fight or flight.

36
Q

What is adrenalin?

A

Stress hormone

37
Q

What is the fast chemical response?

A

Where the brain stimulated the sympathetic nervous system, this instructs the adrenal gland to release the hormone adrenalin, experienced in stress or high anxiety.

38
Q

What is the slow chemical response?

A

Where hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary glands, then instructs the adrenal gland to release a hormone called cortisol into the brain, this inhibits reproductive functions and allows glucose the be release into bloodstream

39
Q

What is the FIGHT OR FLIGHT response?

A

Where adrenalin or/and noradrenalin which are stress hormones get released into bloodstream. Stimulating the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Psychology Unit 1 (21 decks)

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