Garmin Hazard Avoidance (Deep Dive) Flashcards
Data Link Weather Warning
Do not use data link weather information for maneuvering in, near, or around areas of hazardous weather. Information contained within data link weather products may not accurately depict current weather conditions.
Data Link Weather Product Age Warning
Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather information shown by the data link weather product. Due to time delays inherent in gathering and processing weather data for data link transmission, the weather information shown by the data link weather product may be older than the indicated weather product age.
NEXRAD Weather Product Display Note
NEXRAD weather product cannot be displayed simultaneously on the same map with relative terrain, echo tops, turbulence, icing data, or airborne weather radar information. When one item is enabled and the other is disabled.
NEXRAD
160 high resolution Doppler radar stations. Max range of single station is 250 nm.
NEXRAD Limitations
Base Reflectivity does not provide sufficient information to determine cloud layers and precipitation characteristics.
An individual NEXRAD site cannot depict high altitude storms at close range.
Ground Clutter.
Sun Strobes (when antenna points directly at the sun).
Interference from buildings and mountains creating shadows.
Metallic Dust cause alterations in radar scans.
Only extends to 55 degrees North Latitude.
Precipitation is reported as mixed between 52 degrees and 55 degrees regardless of actual precipitation type.
NEXRAD Range & Detail Level
At 30 nm range each square block covers 4 square km.
Echo Tops
Shows location and elevation of the highest radar echo. Does not indicate tops of clouds.
Data link weather product. Deactivates NEXRAD and Cloud Tops products.
Cloud Tops
Depicts cloud top altitudes as determined from satellite imagery. Select Map pointer to see altitude of cloud top.
SiriusXM Weather Product Age Amber
Product age becomes amber when it reaches half the expiration time. Amber may occur during normal operations depending upon update broadcast rates and expiration times.
SiriusXM Lightning
Shows approximate location of cloud to ground lightning strikes. A strike icon represents a strike occurred within a two km region. Exact location is not displayed.
Storm Cell Movement
Shows location and movement of storm cells as identified by ground based system. Orange square with arrow when highlighted with pointer gives path, speed, and altitude range of the storm cell as determined by NEXRAD.
SIGMETS & AIRMETS
Depicts SIGMET and AIRMET areas. Only displays if at least one received. If none has been received the weather product age indicates N/A.
METARs & TAFs
When selected appear as flags on the display and can be highlighted.
- Blue Flag VFR
- Green Flag MVFR
- Yellow Flag IFR
- Purple Flag LIFR
- Gray Flag Uncategorized
Information is collected from any datalink weather source available to the system (ACARS, SiriusXM, or Garmin Connext) Priority of which source is displayed is: newest and then SiriusXM, ACARS, Garmin Connext.
METAR & TAF Update
Data is not automatically updated on the airport weather screen when new data is received. It is possible to have different time stamps on different GTC. To update tap another tab and then re-select METAR/TAF tab.
Surface Analysis & City Forecast
Available for current and forecast weather conditions. Forecasts are available for intervals of 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours.
Freezing Levels
Shows color coded contour lines for the altitude and location at which the first isotherm is found. When no data displayed for a given altitude the data has not been received or is out of date and removed.
Winds Aloft
Shows predicted wind speed and direction at the surface and selected altitudes. Can be displayed in 3000 foot increments from surface to 42000 feet MSL.
VSD Winds
Headwind and tailwind components aloft are available on the Vertical Situation Display inset window. Wind components are relative to current aircraft altitude and track or flight plan depending on selected VSD mode. Not relative to aircraft speed. Headwinds are arrows pointing to the left.
County Warnings
Provides specific public awareness and protection weather warnings from the National Weather Service. Can include information on severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and flood conditions.
Cyclone Warnings
Shows current locations of cyclones (hurricanes), tropical storms, and their projected tracks. The track consists of a two digit date, followed by the estimated time of arrival. Not available unless at least one cyclone or tropical storm has been received. Product age indicates N/A when no storm has been received.
Icing (CIP & SLD)
Cannot be displayed at the same time as NEXRAD. Current Icing Potential (CIP) shows a graphical view of the icing environment. Severity is displayed in four categories: Light, moderate, severe, and extreme (not specific to aircraft type). CIP is not a forecast but a presentation of current conditions at the time of analysis. Super-cooled Large Droplet (SLD) are characterized by the presence of relatively large super cooled water droplets indicative of freezing drizzle and freezing rain aloft. SLD is displayed as magenta dots over CIP colors.
Turbulence
Cannot be displayed at the same time as NEXRAD weather. Identifies the potential for erratic movement of high altitude air mass associated winds. Classified as light, moderate, severe, or extreme, at altitudes between 21000 and 45000 feet. Turbulence data is intended to supplement AIRMET and SIGMET data.
PIREPs & AIREPS
Provides weather observations collected from pilots. AIREPS are a different form of PIREP typically provided by commercial airliner.
Temporary Flight Restrictions
Do not rely solely upon data link services to provide TFR information. Highlight with cursor to provide additional information.
Base Reflectivity
Shows radar returns from the perspective of a single antenna tilt angle.
Composite Reflectivity
Shows highest radar energy received from multiple antenna tilt angles.
Infrared Satellite
Depicts cloud top temperatures. Darker colors indicate warmer cloud tops typically associated with lower altitudes. Cursor will provide estimated temperature range.
ACARS Weather
Line of sight data link weather.
Metro Weather
Textual forecast for a metropolitan area surrounding an airport. Only shown on GTC. Typically information of interest to general public.
Terminal Weather Information for Pilots (TWIP)
Provides information about microbursts, wind shear, significant precipitation, and convective activity occurring within 30 nm of a terminal area. Displays from newest to oldest.
Airborne Weather Radar General
GWX 70 solid state Doppler Radar. 12 inch phased array. Independent weather radar settings for each display pane. Turbulence detection presents areas of turbulence associated with precipitation using Doppler measurements. WATCH helps identify possible shadowing. Extended Sensitivity Time Constant logic correlates distance of return echo with intensity to prevent cells from appearing larger as they get closer. Altitude compensated tilt automatically adjusts antenna tilt angle as aircraft altitude changes. Ground cluster suppression removes ground clutter.
Antenna Tilt Setup
[Best Threat ID]
Aircraft in level flight tilt until ground returns appear at current altitude divided by 1000.
Then note tilt and increase tilt 6 degrees nose up.
Is this the same as the radar NAP setup in the FOM?
Altitude Compensated Tilt (ACT)
Allows for automatic adjustment of antenna beam tilt angle setting based on aircraft altitude changes. If aircraft climbs antenna tilts downward.
NEXRAD compared to Airborne Radar
NEXRAD is not real time. Color scales differ. NEXRAD provides large scale weather patterns.
Radar Gain
Set to calibrated for viewing the actual intensity of precipitation.
Antenna Stablization
System will stabilize for up to 30 degrees of pitch and roll.
Turbulence Detection
Available on horizontal scan uses magenta color. Only available in weather mode. Limited to 40 nm away.
Weather Attenuated Color Highlight (WATCH)
Identifies deceptively strong or unknown intensity parts of a storm. Available in horizontal scan mode.
Ground Clutter Suppression (GCS)
Available in weather mode and sector scan set to full.
Reactive Wind Shear Detection System Warning
Do not rely on information from the reactive wind shear detection system display as the sole basis for detecting wind shear conditions. The system cannot predict the conditions in which wind shear is likely to develop.
Reactive Wind Shear Detection System
Active between 50 and 1000 feet above ground level as determined by radar altimeter. It does not predict or scan ahead of the aircraft’s position.
Caution Wind shear
Provides awareness of likely wind shear as aircraft performance is increasing.
Wind shear, wind shear, wind shear
Provides awareness of likely wind shear as aircraft performance is decreasing.
TAWS Warnings & Notes
Do not use TAWS information for primary terrain or obstacle avoidance. Government agencies provide data that is cross checked for accuracy by Garmin. Not available if aircraft is outside terrain or obstacle database coverage area. Not available north of 89 degrees north or south of 89 degrees south latitude.
TAWS on Ground
Terrain 400 feet or more above aircraft depicted in red. Below 400 feet above aircraft in black.
TAWS in Air
Red 100 below to above aircraft altitude.
Yellow 1000 below to 100 below aircraft altitude.
Green 2000 below to 1000 below aircraft altitude.
Black terrain is at least 2000 feet below aircraft altitude.
GPWS Protections
Excessive Descent Rate
Excessive Closure Rate
Flight into Terrain
Negative Climb Rate After Takeoff
Excessive Below Glide-slope and glide-path deviation alert.
Track Mode Boundary
Displays horizontal and lateral boundaries of the information shown in the Vertical Situation display. Only available when VSD is in track mode.
TCAS II Traffic
Do not rely solely on the display of the traffic information to accurately depict all of the traffic within range of the aircraft.
