Functionalist

Question 1

Parsons

Answer 1

views crime and deviance as a product of

1. bad socialisation, failure to instil correct norms and values, no consensus
2. maternal deprivation, lack of emotional support

Question 2

Durkheim

Answer 2

Functional believes that crime acts as a boundary matinence and reminds the norms and values.
Inevitable, believes that it is impossible for everyone to have the same values.
Normal, happens in every single society, time of anomie, people forget the bonds.

Question 3

Cloward and Ohlin

Answer 3

believes there are 3 different subcultures people may enter into:
Criminal: tend to emerge in high level adult organised crime, role models. people yield financial reward. young can climb criminal ladder.
Conflict: little organised adult crime. instead focus on how to commit serious crime, focus on gaining respect through violence
Retreatist: ‘double failure’, no subculture treat to drug/alcohol due to rejection.

Question 4

Hirshi

Answer 4

control theory
idea that we have 4 social bonds that stop us from committing crime: 
-invovlement
-commitment
-belief
-attatchment

all encourage conformity

Question 5

Merton

Answer 5

Strain theory
believes crime is caused by the inter-realtionship between the cultural goals and the means of achieving.

• conformists, m+g
• innovators, g no m
• ritualists, m but no g
• retreatists, no m, no g
• rebels, may not have either or both but rebel due to boredom.

Question 6

AO3

Answer 6

• only focuses on the positive of crime
• cant explain individual motives
• too deterministic
• ignores crime against women