Crime and Punishment

Question 1

Rehabilitation

Answer 1

make them into a better personal, rehab, driving awareness courses, educational schemes, counselling, restorative justice: meet after the crime, victim and offender.

Question 2

Deterrence

Answer 2

put people off committing the crime, all crime prevention methods are a deterrence, punishments, speed cameras/signs, neighbourhood watch, CCTV.

Question 3

Retribution

Answer 3

Retribution: punishment is equal weight/force to the crime

Question 4

Incapacitation

Answer 4

Incapacitation (protection): protect society and keeping the criminal away, and society away from the criminal. Mass incarceration is most popular.

Question 5

Foucalt

Answer 5

Foucault: disciplinary power
Illustrates disciplinary power with the panopticon
Prisoners do not know when or if they are being watched, therefore you self-surveillance and displace which turns into self-discipline. e.g CCTV. Believes prison is a metaphor for wider society and how we are always being watched.

Question 6

Functionalist and punishment

Answer 6

Durkheim: in pre-industrial times, labour was not divided into specialist jobs and all people worked in a relatively similar jobs and were similar to each other (mechanical solidarity). Therefore, this strengthened the bond between people and creating a stronger collective conscience.
Because of this punishment was based on retribution. Tough and harsh punishments creates boundary maintenance.

PM society we all have separate and specialised jobs and therefore have a weaker collective conscience. Restitutive justice (reparation) came about but still enforces boundary maintenance. Give them same values.

Question 7

Marxism

Answer 7

Rusche and Kircheimer- punishment corresponds to the economic system they are developed in

• Middle ages; religious penance and fines as people were needed to work on the land.
• Later middle ages; the rich needed to control the poor so brutal corporal and capital punishments were introduced to those who were a threat to social order
• 17th century; due to a shortage of labour prison developed because they could still produce goods cheaply without eradicating a work force.