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Functional organisation of the cortex Flashcards

1
Q

From which surfaces of the Brain, can the central Sulcus be seen?

A

Lateral and medial

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2
Q

What do the gyri either side of the calcarine sulcus contain?

A

1* visual cortex

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3
Q

What gyrus is continuous with the cingulate gyrus posterior to the splenium of the corpus callosum?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

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4
Q

What lies deep to the parahippocampal gyrus?

A

Hippocampus

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5
Q

What lobe is the hippocampus in?

A

Temporal lobe

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6
Q

What is the hippocampus associated with?

A

Memory

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7
Q

What connects the parahippocampul gyrus and the cingulate gyrus, and where can it be seen?

A

Isthmus

-posterior to splenium (corpus callosum)

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8
Q

What is the uncus associated with?

A

Smell

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9
Q

What is the course of association fibres to form a memory?

A

Bundles of association fibres run from FRONTAL lobe into PARIETAL lobe, go past visual cortex, then round to UNCUS and into HIPPOCAMPUS

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10
Q

What is the limbic lobe made up of?

A

Cingulate sulcus & gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Collateral sulcus
Uncus

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11
Q

What separates the parahippocampal gyrus from the rest of the temporal lobe

A

Collateral sulcus

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12
Q

How many Brodmann areas are there in the brain?

A

46

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13
Q

Where is the general sensory primary projection area?

A

Post central gyrus (sensory fibres originate)

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14
Q

Where is the visual primary projection area?

A

Striate cortex

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15
Q

Where is the primary projection auditory area?

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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16
Q

What is Heschl’s gyrus?

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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17
Q

Where is the olfactory primary projection area?

A

Uncus

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18
Q

Where is the gustatory primary projection area?

A

Inferior post-central gyrus

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19
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex?

A

Pre-central gyrus

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20
Q

Which gyrus is somatotopically organised?

A

Post-central gyrus

-specific parts receive information from specific parts of the body

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21
Q

Sensory input from which 3 structures, projects to the midline of the post-central gyrus?

A

Foot, toes and genitals

22
Q

The lateral ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus receives input from what part of the body and projects to what part of the post-central gyrus?

A

Lateral VPL receives input from leg

|&raquo_space;midline

23
Q

The medial ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus receives input from what part of the body and projects to what part of the post-central gyrus?

A

Medial VPL receives input from arm

|&raquo_space;lateral region

24
Q

The ventropostromedial nucleus of the thalamus receives input from what part of the body and projects to what part of the post-central gyrus?

A

The face

|&raquo_space;lateral region

25
Q

Is the pre-central gyrus arranged in a similar way to the post-central gyrus?

A

Yes - axons to specific muscles originate from specific parts of pre-central gyrus

26
Q

What is meant by a secondary or association sensory area?

A

Receives input from 1* sensory area - involved in understanding & interpretation
- normally located near 1* areas

27
Q

What is meant by secondary or association motor areas?

A

Sends ouput to 1* motor area

-involved in organising patterns of movement

28
Q

Where is the general sensory association area located?

A

Superior parietal lobe

29
Q

Where is the auditory association area located?

A

Lateral fissure/superior temporal gyri

30
Q

Where is the pre-motor association area located?v

A

Ant to pre-central sulcus (lat surface)

31
Q

Where is the supplementary motor area located?

A

Ant to pre-central sulcus (med surface)

32
Q

Where is the frontal eye field located?

A

Anterior to pre-motor area

33
Q

What does the frontal eye field do?

A

Controls eye

34
Q

Whats is the supplementary motor area to do with?

A

Stability

35
Q

Is functioning equipotential for higher functions?

A

No -have cerebral dominance for higher functions

36
Q

For sensory and motor association areas, is functioning equipotential?

A

Yes

37
Q

What does damage to secondary sensory areas lead to?

A

Disorders of understanding

38
Q

What is agnosia?

A

A disorder of understanding due to damage to a secondary sensory area
-significance of sensation is lost (eg cannot recognise feel of pen)

39
Q

What does damage to a secondary motor area lead to?

A

Inability to carry out purposeful movements (but no paralysis)

40
Q

What is apraxia?

A

An inability to carry out purposive movements, due to damage to a secondary motor area

41
Q

What is the general association cortex involved in?

A

Complex behaviours and intellectual functioning

42
Q

In terms of the general association cortex, what is the parieto-temporal cortex involved in?

A

Memory (integrates information)

43
Q

In terms of the general association cortex, what is the pre-frontal cortex involved in?

A

Regulates mood and feelings, and higher order cognition (eg judgement)

44
Q

Where is the auditory association area found?

A

One hemisphere (usually left)

45
Q

What is the non-dominant hemisphere concerned with?

A

Spatial awareness

46
Q

What is normally the dominant hemisphere?

A

Left

47
Q

What 2 areas on the left hemisphere are involved in language?

A

Wernicke’s

Broca’s

48
Q

Where does Wernicke’s area lie in the left hemisphere? What is it involved in?

A

Posteriorly

Sensory/recepetive (understanding)

49
Q

Where does Broca’s area lie in the left hemisphere? What is it involved in?

A

Anteriorly

Motor-expressive (production of speech)

50
Q

What kind of aphasia results from damage to Wernicke’s area?

A

Receptive aphasia (inability to understand language)

51
Q

What kind of aphasia results from damage to Broca’s area?

A

Expressive aphasia (inability to articulate speech)

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