Functional organisation of the cortex

Question 1

From which surfaces of the Brain, can the central Sulcus be seen?

Answer 1

Lateral and medial

Question 2

What do the gyri either side of the calcarine sulcus contain?

Answer 2

1* visual cortex

Question 3

What gyrus is continuous with the cingulate gyrus posterior to the splenium of the corpus callosum?

Answer 3

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 4

What lies deep to the parahippocampal gyrus?

Answer 4

Hippocampus

Question 5

What lobe is the hippocampus in?

Answer 5

Temporal lobe

Question 6

What is the hippocampus associated with?

Answer 6

Memory

Question 7

What connects the parahippocampul gyrus and the cingulate gyrus, and where can it be seen?

Answer 7

Isthmus

-posterior to splenium (corpus callosum)

Question 8

What is the uncus associated with?

Answer 8

Smell

Question 9

What is the course of association fibres to form a memory?

Answer 9

Bundles of association fibres run from FRONTAL lobe into PARIETAL lobe, go past visual cortex, then round to UNCUS and into HIPPOCAMPUS

Question 10

What is the limbic lobe made up of?

Answer 10

Cingulate sulcus & gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Collateral sulcus
Uncus

Question 11

What separates the parahippocampal gyrus from the rest of the temporal lobe

Answer 11

Collateral sulcus

Question 12

How many Brodmann areas are there in the brain?

Answer 12

46

Question 13

Where is the general sensory primary projection area?

Answer 13

Post central gyrus (sensory fibres originate)

Question 14

Where is the visual primary projection area?

Answer 14

Striate cortex

Question 15

Where is the primary projection auditory area?

Answer 15

Superior temporal gyrus

Question 16

What is Heschl’s gyrus?

Answer 16

Superior temporal gyrus

Question 17

Where is the olfactory primary projection area?

Answer 17

Uncus

Question 18

Where is the gustatory primary projection area?

Answer 18

Inferior post-central gyrus

Question 19

Where is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 19

Pre-central gyrus

Question 20

Which gyrus is somatotopically organised?

Answer 20

Post-central gyrus

-specific parts receive information from specific parts of the body

Question 21

Sensory input from which 3 structures, projects to the midline of the post-central gyrus?

Answer 21

Foot, toes and genitals

Question 22

The lateral ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus receives input from what part of the body and projects to what part of the post-central gyrus?

Answer 22

Lateral VPL receives input from leg

|&raquo_space;midline

Question 23

The medial ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus receives input from what part of the body and projects to what part of the post-central gyrus?

Answer 23

Medial VPL receives input from arm

|&raquo_space;lateral region

Question 24

The ventropostromedial nucleus of the thalamus receives input from what part of the body and projects to what part of the post-central gyrus?

Answer 24

The face

|&raquo_space;lateral region

Question 25

Is the pre-central gyrus arranged in a similar way to the post-central gyrus?

Answer 25

Yes - axons to specific muscles originate from specific parts of pre-central gyrus

Question 26

What is meant by a secondary or association sensory area?

Answer 26

Receives input from 1* sensory area - involved in understanding & interpretation - normally located near 1* areas

Question 27

What is meant by secondary or association motor areas?

Answer 27

Sends ouput to 1* motor area | -involved in organising patterns of movement

Question 28

Where is the general sensory association area located?

Answer 28

Superior parietal lobe

Question 29

Where is the auditory association area located?

Answer 29

Lateral fissure/superior temporal gyri

Question 30

Where is the pre-motor association area located?v

Answer 30

Ant to pre-central sulcus (lat surface)

Question 31

Where is the supplementary motor area located?

Answer 31

Ant to pre-central sulcus (med surface)

Question 32

Where is the frontal eye field located?

Answer 32

Anterior to pre-motor area

Question 33

What does the frontal eye field do?

Answer 33

Controls eye

Question 34

Whats is the supplementary motor area to do with?

Answer 34

Stability

Question 35

Is functioning equipotential for higher functions?

Answer 35

No -have cerebral dominance for higher functions

Question 36

For sensory and motor association areas, is functioning equipotential?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

What does damage to secondary sensory areas lead to?

Answer 37

Disorders of understanding

Question 38

What is agnosia?

Answer 38

A disorder of understanding due to damage to a secondary sensory area -significance of sensation is lost (eg cannot recognise feel of pen)

Question 39

What does damage to a secondary motor area lead to?

Answer 39

Inability to carry out purposeful movements (but no paralysis)

Question 40

What is apraxia?

Answer 40

An inability to carry out purposive movements, due to damage to a secondary motor area

Question 41

What is the general association cortex involved in?

Answer 41

Complex behaviours and intellectual functioning

Question 42

In terms of the general association cortex, what is the parieto-temporal cortex involved in?

Answer 42

Memory (integrates information)

Question 43

In terms of the general association cortex, what is the pre-frontal cortex involved in?

Answer 43

Regulates mood and feelings, and higher order cognition (eg judgement)

Question 44

Where is the auditory association area found?

Answer 44

One hemisphere (usually left)

Question 45

What is the non-dominant hemisphere concerned with?

Answer 45

Spatial awareness

Question 46

What is normally the dominant hemisphere?

Answer 46

Left

Question 47

What 2 areas on the left hemisphere are involved in language?

Answer 47

Wernicke's | Broca's

Question 48

Where does Wernicke's area lie in the left hemisphere? What is it involved in?

Answer 48

Posteriorly | Sensory/recepetive (understanding)

Question 49

Where does Broca's area lie in the left hemisphere? What is it involved in?

Answer 49

Anteriorly | Motor-expressive (production of speech)

Question 50

What kind of aphasia results from damage to Wernicke's area?

Answer 50

Receptive aphasia (inability to understand language)

Question 51

What kind of aphasia results from damage to Broca's area?

Answer 51

Expressive aphasia (inability to articulate speech)