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Question 1

What is the cungulate gyrus? Which sulci separate it?

Answer 1

Runs along corpus callosum

• separated from corpus callosum by callosal sulcus
• separated from cerebral cortex by cingulate sulcus

Question 2

What sulcus can be found within the occipital lobe on the medial surface?

Answer 2

Calcarine sulcus

Question 3

What does the calcarine separate the occipital lobe into?

Answer 3

Gyri above and below it;

-Upper and lower bands. Striate cortex is within them

Question 4

The cingulate gyrus carries on posteriorly as what gyrus?

Answer 4

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 5

What lie at the most ventral end of the parahippocampal gyrus

Answer 5

Uncus

Question 6

What is the role of the uncus?

Answer 6

Contains the 1* olfactory cortex

-only sensation that doesn’t go to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus

Question 7

Where does the fornix run in relation to the septum pellucidum?

Answer 7

Along the inferior border of the septum pellucidum

Question 8

Where can the interventicular foramen be seen in gross anatomy and what is its function?

Answer 8

Small aperture along inferior fornix on medial brain

-Connects the 2 lateral and 3rd ventricles

Question 9

In medial view of the hypothalamus, where can the optic chiasma, mamillary body and infundibulum be seen?

Answer 9

All project from ant/inf border:

• optic chiasma = most ant
• infundibulum = mid
• mamillary body = most post

Question 10

What can happen to the pineal gland with age?

Answer 10

Calcification

Question 11

What can cause deviation of the pineal gland?

Answer 11

Bleeding or tumour

Question 12

What is the connection between the hippocampus, the mamillary bodies and the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 12

Hippocampus is associated with memory

• information passes along fibres of fornix to mamillary bodies
• these fibres then extend to cingulate gyrus

Question 13

What 4 projections come off the 4th ventricle?

Answer 13

• Median aperture (projects post between medulla & inf cerebellum)
• 2 Lateral apertures
• central canal (remnant of neural tube)

Question 14

Which projections from the 4th ventricle serve to allow CSF to escape into the subarachnoid space?

Answer 14

Median and lateral apertures

Question 15

Where is the majority of CSF created?

Answer 15

Lateral ventricles

Question 16

Where does the caudate nucleus lie?

Answer 16

Lateral wall of lateral ventricle

Question 17

What is the internal capsule?

Answer 17

V-shaped bundle of axons carrying information from thalamus to cerebral cortex
-lies lat to thalamus and caudate nucleus

Question 18

What are the 3 recognised parts of the internal capsule?

Answer 18

Anterior limb
Genu
Posterior limb

Question 19

Where do the lentiform nuclei lie?

Answer 19

Lateral to internal capsule

Question 20

What 2 nuclei are found within the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 20

Globus pallidus (med)
Putamen (lat)

Question 21

Caudate nucleus + lentiform nucleus makes up what structure?

Answer 21

Corpus striatum

Question 22

The corpus striatum (along with other nuclei) is important in what?

Answer 22

Initiating and controlling movement

Question 23

Secondary vesicles have formed after how many weeks?

Answer 23

5 weeks

Question 24

Where does the greater longditudinal fissure widen?

Answer 24

Posterior pole of brain

Question 25

What is cut in patients with a split brain, what general implication does this have

Answer 25

Corpus callosum - hemispheres function independently

Question 26

Where are the frontal, temporal and occipital poles located?

Answer 26

Extreme end of the respective lobes

Question 27

Olfactory tracts are found on the inferior/ventral surface of which lobe?

Answer 27

Frontal lobe

Question 28

What part of the diencephalon can be seen on the ventral surface of the brain?

Answer 28

Hypothalamus

Question 29

What are the most prominent features coming off the inferior aspect of the hypothalamus?

Answer 29

Mamillary bodies

Question 30

In a ventral view what can be seen of the midbrain?

Answer 30

Cerebral peduncles

Question 31

Where does CN III originate?

Answer 31

Ponto-midbrain junction

Question 32

Scalp is an anagram, what 5 things is the scalp made up of?

Answer 32

``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis (occipital frontalis) Loose connective tissue Periosteum ```

Question 33

Through what foramen do the cranial meninges extend to cover the spinal cord?

Answer 33

Foramen magnum

Question 34

At the majority of sites the periosteal and meningeal dura mater are tightly adhered together - where is this not the case?

Answer 34

Dural venous sinuses

Question 35

What is the course of venous return from both superficial veins and deep veins of the brain?

Answer 35

SUPERFICIAL VEINS: -into superior sagittal sinus DEEP VEINS: -into great cerebral vein, then straight sinus Superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus join at confluence of sinuses >> 2 transverse sinuses along root of tentorium cerebelli and become sigmoid sinus >> internal jugular vein