Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Control > 4) Cranial nerves > Flashcards

4) Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves attach to the midbrain?

A

Occulomotor (III), Trochlear (IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which cranial nerves attach to the pons?

A

Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

NB. VII & VIII from cerebellomedullary pontine angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which cranial nerves are likely to be affected by an acoustic neuroma?

A

Vestibulocochlear

Facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the method of testing the olfactory nerve?

A

Offer something familiar to smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the method of testing the optic nerve?

A

Acuity - Shellen chart
Colour - ishihar plates
Visual fields - wiggle finger in periphery
Visual reflexes - pupillary constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the method of testing the occulomotor nerve or the trochlear nerve?

A

Draw 2 large H’s with finger - follow with eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the method of testing the sensory part of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Corneal reflex - touch cornea with cotton & should close eyes
Touch face with cotton wool (forehead/cheek/jaw)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the method of testing the motor part of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Asks patient to clench teeth & open mouth against resistance.
Jaw jerk - put finger on chin and strike with tendon hammer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How would you test the abducens nerve?

A

Same as III & IV - eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the motor function of the facial nerve tested?

A

Crease forehead, close eyes & keep them closed against resistance, puff out cheeks, reveal teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve tested and is the vestibular part normally tested?

A

Cochlear part - Rinne test (tuning fork on mastoid process and then next to ear - 2nd should be louder)
-Weber test (tuning fork on central forehead - is it louder in either ear?)

Vestibulocochlear not normally tested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the sensory part of the glossopharyngeal nerve tested?

A

Test gag reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is the sensory part of vagus easily tested?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How would you test the other components of the vagus nerve?

A

Speaking

Say ahhh - check uvula lies centrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How would you test the accessory nerve?

A

Ask patient to turn head and shrug against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would you test the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Stick tongue out (no deviation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in the pupillary light reflex?

A

Afferent - optic (II)

Efferent - occulomotor (III); sphincter pupillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in the corneal reflex?

A

Afferent - opthalmic (V1)

Efferent - facial (VII); orbicularis oculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in the gag reflex?

A

Afferent - glossopharyngeal (IX)

Efferent - Vagus (X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What 6 structures can be seen on the cerebellum when viewed from the position of the pons?

A

Sup/mid/inf peduncles
Flocculi (x2)
Tonsils (x2)
Nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the main functions of the cerebellum?

A

Receives sensory information and regulates motor movements (eg. posture balance, speech).
Also important in learning motor behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is past pointing?

A

Finger overshoots intended mark (to side of cerebellar damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is intention tremor?

A

Tremor during voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is dysdiadochokinesis?

A

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is obex?

A

Bottom V of opening of 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does the optic nerve pass out of the skull?

A

Through optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Does the occulomotor nerve have some parasympathetic component?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 3 parts of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1 - opthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the mandibular nerve innervate?

A

Muscles of mastication

Sensation to ant 2/3 tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the facial nerve innervate?

A

Motor - muscles of facial expression

PS - salivary glands (NOT parotid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A

Sensory - pharynx
Parotid gland
Stimulate carotid sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Other than its parasympathetic function, what else does the vagus nerve supply?

A

Muscles - larynx, pharynx, palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How does the spinal accessory nerve enter the cranial cavity and after doing so what does it do?

A

Through foramen magnum, then joins cranial accessory&raquo_space; accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A

Tongue muscles (except 1 innervated by vagus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which cranial nerves exit the cranial cavity through the jugular foramen?

A

IX, X, XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How many possible fibre types of cranial nerves are there?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Collection of cell bodies in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where are cranial nerve nuclei located?

A

Tegmentum of brainstem (all 3 parts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the function of a sensory cranial nerve nucleus?

A

Receives information from fibres entering brainstem. Axons synapse and information is sent to appropriate higher centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the function of a motor cranial nerve nucleus?

A

Receives information from higher centres

-Fibres synapse&raquo_space; motor fibres that leave brainstem in cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Are sensory and motor nuclei located laterally or medially within brainstem?

A

Sensory - laterally

Motor - medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Where are the cranial nerve nuclei located in relation to the ventricular system?

A

Anteriorly (in tegmentum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why does the occulomotor nerve have 2 nuclei within the brainstem and what are they called?

A

Carries 2 types of fibres - somatic motor & visceral motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What structures are innervated by the somatic and visceral motor fibres of the occulomotor nerve?

A

Somatic motor - extraoccular muscles

Visceral motor - sphincter pupillae & ciliay muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The 4 autonomic ganglia of the head and neck are associated with which cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the names of the 4 autonomic ganglia?

A
  • Ciliary
  • Submandibular
  • Pterygopalatine
  • Otic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Autonomic fibres carried in which cranial nerve synapse at the ciliary autonomic ganglion? What nerve are the post synaptic fibres carried in and what is their target?

A

Pre-synaptic fibres = III
Post-synaptic fibres = v1

Target = sphincter pupillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The pre synaptic and post synaptic fibres of the pterygopalatine ganglion are carried in what nerves and what is the target?

A

Pre-synaptic fibres = VII
Post-synaptic fibres = v2

Target = lacrimal gland

50
Q

The pre synaptic and post synaptic fibres of the submandibular ganglion are carried in what nerves and have what target?

A

Pre-synaptic fibres = VII
Post-synaptic fibres = v3

Target = submandibular & sublingual glands

51
Q

The pre synaptic and post synaptic fibres of the otic ganglion are carried in what nerves and have what target?

A

Pre-synaptic fibres = IX
Post-synaptic fibres = v3

Target = parotid gland

52
Q

What are the 3 autonomic functions of the head and neck?

A

-Sphincter pupillae
-salivary glands (submandibular/sublingual/parotid)
Lacrimal gland

53
Q

Which 4 cranial nerves contain autonomic fibres?

A
  • Occulomotor
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
54
Q

How do the autonomic fibres of the cranial nerves pass to their target organ?

A

Synapse at autonomic ganglia in trigeminal nerves and travel with these nerves

55
Q

What is the course of the facial nerve and what branches does it give off at which point?

A

Through internal acoustic meatus - gives off GREATER PETROSAL nerve
Through facial canal - branch to stapedius muscle and chorda tympani
Though stylomastoid foramen - POSTERIOR AURICULAR BRANCH
Divides into 5 MOTOR BRANCHES (temporal/zygomatic/buccal/marginal mandibular/cervical)

56
Q

What does the greater petrosal nerve carry?

A

PS fibres to lacrimal gland (via pterygopalatine ganglion)

57
Q

What does the chorda tympani nerve from the facial nerve carry?

A

Fibres carry sensation to ant 2/3 tongue

Unites with lingual branch of v3&raquo_space; sublingual &submandibular glands

58
Q

What are the 5 motor branches of the facial nerve? When are they given off?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandiular
Cervical

-After stylomastoid foramen

59
Q

What 2 muscles are supplied by the temporal branch of facial nerve?

A

Frontalis

Orbicularis oculi

60
Q

Which muscle is supplied by zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?

A

Orbicularis oculi

61
Q

Which 2 muscles are supplied by the buccal branch of the facial nerve?

A

Buccinator

Zygomaticus

62
Q

Which 2 muscles are supplied by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve?

A

Orbicularis oris

Mentalis muscle

63
Q

Which muscle is supplied by the cervical branch of the facial nerve?

A

Platysma

64
Q

Damage to which cranial nerve leads to inability to swallow food and regurgitation of liquid?

A

Vagus (X) and/or Glossopharyngeal (IX)

65
Q

Damage to which cranial nerve cause hoarseness?

A

Vagus - paralysis of intrinsic laryngeal muscles

66
Q

Unilateral tongue atrophy is likely due to damage of which cranial nerve?

A

Hypoglossal (on one side)

67
Q

Unilateral trapezius atrophy is likely due to damage of which cranial nerve?

A

Accessory (XI)

68
Q

If one pupil was smaller than the other but both pupils reacted to light, what is this likely due to damage to?

A

Sympathetic trunk

69
Q

Why does the uvula deviate from the midline on phonation in unilateral vagus nerve damage?

A

Vagus nerve supplies levator veli palantini

- deviation away from damaged side

70
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the cerebellopontine angle?

A

Facial (VII)

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

71
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the interpeduncular fossa?

A

Occulomotor (III)

72
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges immediately lateral to the medullary olives?

A

Hypoglossal (XII)

73
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge immediately lateral to the medullary pyramids?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Vagus (X)

74
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the dorsal surface of the brain stem?

A

Trochlear (IV)

75
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves are not true peripheral nerves, why?

A

Olfactory (I) and Optic (II)

-CNS structrues

76
Q

Where are the true peripheral olfactory nerves?

A

Nasal mucosa&raquo_space; cribiriform plate of ethmoid bone to olfactory bulb

77
Q

The olfactory nerve is most commonly damaged as a result of head injury, how may such damage occur?

A

Haemorrhage following head injury

78
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Loss of smell

79
Q

The optic nerve is formed from what embryonically?

A

Outgrowth of diencephalon

80
Q

Sensory components of the trigeminal nerve supply what?

A

Skin, teeth, mucous membranes of face

81
Q

Motor components of the trigeminal nerve supply what?

A

Mastication muscles
Some swallowing muscles
Tensor tympani

82
Q

What is the innervation and function of the tensor tympani?

A

Trigeminal nerve

-dampens amplitude of vibrations

83
Q

Where are the cell bodies of most of the trigeminal sensory fibres located?

A

In trigeminal ganglion

-at convergence of opthalmic, maxillary & mandibular nerves

84
Q

Through which foramina do the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Opthalmic - Superior orbital fissure
Maxillary - foramen rotundum
Mandibular - foramen ovale

85
Q

What are the 4 branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Inf alveolar nerve
  • Buccal nerve
  • Lingual nerve
86
Q

The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve gives off what 2 important branches?

A

Infraoribital nerve

Sup alveolar nerve

87
Q

Which 2 nerves from the trigeminal nerve hang from the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Greater & lesser palatine nerves

88
Q

What do the greater and lesser palatine nerves supply?

A

Greater palatine - mucosa, glands and gingiva (hard palate), roof of oral cavity
Lesser palatine - soft palate

89
Q

Which 2 reflexes are tested when examining the trigeminal nerve and which other cranial nerves are involve in these?

A 
JAW JERK REFLEX 
-trigeminal nerve
CORNEAL REFLEX
-opthalmic nerve (afferent)
-facial nerve (efferent)
90
Q

What is neuralgia?

A

Burning/stabbing pain along a damaged nerve

91
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Stabbing pain in cheek/lips/gums/chin on 1 side of face

92
Q

What kind of fibres does the facial nerve carry?

A

Sensory, motor and autonomic (PS)

93
Q

What kind of fibres does the trigeminal nerve carry?

A

Sensory, motor and carries autonomic (PS)

94
Q

What are the sensory functions of the facial nerve?

A

Taste - ant 2/3 tongue

Sensation - floor of mouth, palate & external ear

95
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the sensory fibres running in the facial nerve located?

A

Geniculate ganglion in facial canal

96
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve?

A

Innervation of sublingual & submandibular ganglion

PS fibres to lacrimal gland and nasal/oral mucous membranes

97
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve fibres running in the greater petrosal nerve?

A

Form pterygopalatine ganglion

-PS fibres to mucous glands and lacrimal gland

98
Q

What is Bells palsy?

A

Facial nerve damage&raquo_space; paralysis/weakness on one side of face

99
Q

What is hyperacusis?

A

Over sensitivity to certain sound

- may be due to facial nerve damage (provide stapedius muscle)

100
Q

How can the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve be tested?

A

Weber test - tuning fork in centre of forehead

101
Q

How can the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve be tested?

A

Rinne test - tuning fork on mastoid process then next to ear

102
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

Tumour affecting vestibulocochlear nerve

103
Q

Dysphagia is caused by damage to which cranial nerves?

A

Vagus and/or glossopharyngeal

104
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

105
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Poor articulation

106
Q

Which nerves are involved in the gag reflex?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX) - afferent

Vagus (X) - efferent

107
Q

Is the glossopharyngeal nerve mostly sensory or motor?

A

Mainly sensory

108
Q

What sensory information is carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Post 1/3 tongue
Chemoreceptors & baroreceptors in carotid body
Cutaneous from ear

109
Q

What does the PS component of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

Parotid gland (via otic ganglion)

110
Q

The vagus nerve provides PS innervation to what?

A

Thoracic and abdominal viscera

111
Q

What does the vagus nerve carry motor fibres to?

A

Striated muscle

112
Q

What is the vagus nerve joined by? What do they supply together?

A

Cranial root of accessory nerve

-striated muscles of palate/pharynx/larynx

113
Q

The functioning of the vagus and cranial accessory nerves can be tested by asking the patient to say aah and observing the movements of the soft palate, what normally happens?

A

Ulvula should move anteriorly and not deviate

114
Q

Do the spinal and cranial roots of the accessory nerve have the same function?

A

No

115
Q

What is the origin of the spinal part of the accessory nerve?

A

Rootlets from upper cervical cord

116
Q

Do the spinal and cranial roots of the accessory nerve have the same function?

A

Through foramen magnum

117
Q

What happens once the spinal part of the accessory nerve runs into the cranial cavity?

A

Joins cranial accessory nerve briefly & travels through jugular foramen
-separates&raquo_space; SCM and trapezius

118
Q

How would you test the functioning of the spinal root of the accessory nerve?

A

Turn head and shrug shoulders

119
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve supply?

A

Motor - intrinsic & extrinsic muscles of tongue

120
Q

How would you assess the functioning of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Protrude tongue - no deviation

121
Q

What happens to PS and S fibres in the 4 autonomic ganglia of the head?

A
  • Pre and post synaptic parasympathetic fibres synapse here

- Sympathetic pass through without synapsing

Control (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions