Face

Question 1

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 1

Facial (VII)

Question 2

What are the sensory and autonomic functions of the facial nerve?

Answer 2

Sensory - taste from ant 2/3 tongue

Autonomic - lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 3

Which 2 muscles elevate the eyelid?

Answer 3

Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior tarsal (smooth)

Question 4

Paralysis of orbicularis oculi can lead to what serious complication?

Answer 4

Failure to close eyelid - corneal injury (dryness)

Question 5

Which muscles acts as a sphincter around the mouth?

Answer 5

Orbicularis oris

Question 6

What is the function of the buccinator muscle in neonates and in adults?

Answer 6

Neonates - suckling

Adults - presses cheeks against teeth

Question 7

Which are the largest salivary glands?

Answer 7

Parotid

Question 8

Where is the parotid gland?

Answer 8

Interval between mastoid process and sternocleidomastoid origin (post), and ramus of mandible (ant)

Question 9

What does the parotid gland lie within?

Answer 9

Fascial parotid sheath

Question 10

Why are parotid gland stones painful?

Answer 10

Facial nerve travels through gland - inflammation puts pressure on it

Question 11

Where does the parotid duct open in the mouth?

Answer 11

Near the 2nd upper molar

Question 12

Which cranial nerve divides into its 5 terminal branches within the parotid gland?

Answer 12

Facial nerve

Question 13

Other than the facial nerve which 2 other important vessels lie within the parotid gland?

Answer 13

Retromandibular vein (>>IJV)
External carotid artery

Question 14

What 2 terminal branches does the external carotid divide into within the parotid gland and which way do these project?

Answer 14

Maxillary artery (ant)
Superficial temporal artery (post)

Question 15

Which cranial nerve loops anterior to the internal and external carotids just superior to the bifurcation - where is it travelling?

Answer 15

Hypoglossal nerve

|&raquo_space;towards tongue

Question 16

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

Answer 16

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

Question 17

What is the function of the masseter?

Answer 17

Elevates mandible

Question 18

What is the nerve suply to masseter?

Answer 18

Masseteric nerve (from mandibular)

Question 19

Which muscle lies above the orbit running posteriorly over the skull?

Answer 19

Frontalis

Question 20

The fibres of which muscle run upwards from the corner of the mouth, what do they do?

Answer 20

Zygomaticus

-elevate corners of mouth

Question 21

Which muscle does the parotid duct run over?

Answer 21

Masster

Question 22

Where does the masseter muscle extend from and to?

Answer 22

From zygomatic arch to he angle of mandible (inf)

Question 23

What muscle does the parotid duct penetrate to enter the oral cavity?

Answer 23

Buccinator muscle

Question 24

What must be removed to reveal the buccinator muscle?

Answer 24

Buccal fat pad

Question 25

What 2 arteries does the maxillary artery give rise to?

Answer 25

Inferior alveolar artery (teeth) | Middle meningeal artery

Question 26

What is the most superficial muscle in the neck?

Answer 26

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 27

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle extend from and to?

Answer 27

From mastoid process to sternum/clavicle

Question 28

Which vessel runs anterior to sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 28

External jugular vein

Question 29

What forms the borders of the anterior triangle in neck?

Answer 29

SUPERIOR - inf border of mandibe MEDIAL - imaginary line to sternal notch LATERAL - med border of SCM

Question 30

What are the 4 infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 30

More superficial - sternohyoid - omohyoid Deeper - Sternothyroid -Thyohyoid

Question 31

Which is the most superficial suprahyoid muscle and what muscle lies deep to that?

Answer 31

Superficial - ant belly of digastric | Deep - mylohyoid

Question 32

Where does the mylohyoid muscle run from?

Answer 32

Mandible | -meets in midline and extend post to hyoid bone

Question 33

What does mylohyoid form the floor of?

Answer 33

the mouth

Question 34

What shape is the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 34

Sovereign ring

Question 35

Where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the carotid artery in the carotid sheath?

Answer 35

Deep to carotid artery

Question 36

What is the ansa cervicalis and where does it run?

Answer 36

Loop of nerves (part of cervical plexus; C1-3) - anterior part runs down anterior of internal jugular vein - posterior part runs posterior to internal jugular vein

Question 37

Does the internal or external carotid lie most laterally?

Answer 37

Internal carotid = lateral

Question 38

Which 3 arteries come off the external carotid in the neck?

Answer 38

Superior to inferior; - facial - lingual - superior thyroid NB lingual and facial may come off a joint stalk

Question 39

What does the facial artery pass through?

Answer 39

Submandibular gland