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Face Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial (VII)

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2
Q

What are the sensory and autonomic functions of the facial nerve?

A

Sensory - taste from ant 2/3 tongue

Autonomic - lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

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3
Q

Which 2 muscles elevate the eyelid?

A 
Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior tarsal (smooth)
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4
Q

Paralysis of orbicularis oculi can lead to what serious complication?

A

Failure to close eyelid - corneal injury (dryness)

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5
Q

Which muscles acts as a sphincter around the mouth?

A

Orbicularis oris

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6
Q

What is the function of the buccinator muscle in neonates and in adults?

A

Neonates - suckling

Adults - presses cheeks against teeth

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7
Q

Which are the largest salivary glands?

A

Parotid

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8
Q

Where is the parotid gland?

A

Interval between mastoid process and sternocleidomastoid origin (post), and ramus of mandible (ant)

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9
Q

What does the parotid gland lie within?

A

Fascial parotid sheath

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10
Q

Why are parotid gland stones painful?

A

Facial nerve travels through gland - inflammation puts pressure on it

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11
Q

Where does the parotid duct open in the mouth?

A

Near the 2nd upper molar

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve divides into its 5 terminal branches within the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve

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13
Q

Other than the facial nerve which 2 other important vessels lie within the parotid gland?

A 
Retromandibular vein (>>IJV)
External carotid artery
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14
Q

What 2 terminal branches does the external carotid divide into within the parotid gland and which way do these project?

A 
Maxillary artery (ant)
Superficial temporal artery (post)
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15
Q

Which cranial nerve loops anterior to the internal and external carotids just superior to the bifurcation - where is it travelling?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

|&raquo_space;towards tongue

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16
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

17
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

Elevates mandible

18
Q

What is the nerve suply to masseter?

A

Masseteric nerve (from mandibular)

19
Q

Which muscle lies above the orbit running posteriorly over the skull?

A

Frontalis

20
Q

The fibres of which muscle run upwards from the corner of the mouth, what do they do?

A

Zygomaticus

-elevate corners of mouth

21
Q

Which muscle does the parotid duct run over?

A

Masster

22
Q

Where does the masseter muscle extend from and to?

A

From zygomatic arch to he angle of mandible (inf)

23
Q

What muscle does the parotid duct penetrate to enter the oral cavity?

A

Buccinator muscle

24
Q

What must be removed to reveal the buccinator muscle?

A

Buccal fat pad

25
Q

What 2 arteries does the maxillary artery give rise to?

A

Inferior alveolar artery (teeth)

Middle meningeal artery

26
Q

What is the most superficial muscle in the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

27
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle extend from and to?

A

From mastoid process to sternum/clavicle

28
Q

Which vessel runs anterior to sternocleidomastoid?

A

External jugular vein

29
Q

What forms the borders of the anterior triangle in neck?

A

SUPERIOR - inf border of mandibe
MEDIAL - imaginary line to sternal notch
LATERAL - med border of SCM

30
Q

What are the 4 infra hyoid muscles?

A

More superficial - sternohyoid
- omohyoid
Deeper - Sternothyroid
-Thyohyoid

31
Q

Which is the most superficial suprahyoid muscle and what muscle lies deep to that?

A

Superficial - ant belly of digastric

Deep - mylohyoid

32
Q

Where does the mylohyoid muscle run from?

A

Mandible

-meets in midline and extend post to hyoid bone

33
Q

What does mylohyoid form the floor of?

A

the mouth

34
Q

What shape is the cricoid cartilage?

A

Sovereign ring

35
Q

Where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the carotid artery in the carotid sheath?

A

Deep to carotid artery

36
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis and where does it run?

A

Loop of nerves (part of cervical plexus; C1-3)

  • anterior part runs down anterior of internal jugular vein
  • posterior part runs posterior to internal jugular vein
37
Q

Does the internal or external carotid lie most laterally?

A

Internal carotid = lateral

38
Q

Which 3 arteries come off the external carotid in the neck?

A

Superior to inferior;

  • facial
  • lingual
  • superior thyroid

NB lingual and facial may come off a joint stalk

39
Q

What does the facial artery pass through?

A

Submandibular gland

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