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Control > 6) Forebrain and ventricles > Flashcards

6) Forebrain and ventricles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the forebrain made up of?

A

Diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

What is the embryological origin of the forebrain?

A

Prosecephalon

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3
Q

What is the forebrain responsible for?

A

Higher level processing

-perception/interpretation/storage

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4
Q

What separates the thalamus from the hypothalamus?

A

Interthalamic sulcus

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5
Q

Where does the 3rd ventricle lie?

A

Between the 2 thalami

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6
Q

Embrologically, the thalamus and hypothalamus appears as 2 swellings of the lateral aspect of the central canal, which lies dorsally and which ventrally?

A 
Thalamus = dorsal 
Hypothalamus = ventral
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7
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Collection of nuclei

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8
Q

What do the nuclei of the thalamus do?

A

Send fibres to cerebral cortex

- those to defined cortical area = relay nuclei

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9
Q

What is the hypothalamus made of?

A

Several nuclei

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10
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

Control of ANS & neuroendocrine function

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11
Q

Other than the thalamus and the hypothalamus, what other structures make up the diencephalon?

A

Subthalamus

Epithalamus

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12
Q

Where is the subthalamus found and what is its function

A

Under thalamus

-involved in motor control

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13
Q

What can damage to the subthalamus result in?

A

Random motor contractions

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14
Q

What is the role of the epithalamus and where is it?

A

Control of circadian rhythm and secretes melatonin

-post to hypothalamic sulcus (includes pineal gland)

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15
Q

What are the 3 parts of the corpus callosum?

A

Splenium - posterior
Body - middle
Genu - anterior

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16
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

Inferior to corpus callosum - thin membrane covering med wall of 3 ventricle

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17
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Bundle of white matter inf to septum pellucidum

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18
Q

What is the function of the fornix?

A

Relay information between the temporal lobe and the hypothalamus
- leads to autonomic controlled processes related to previous experiences (eg sweating at interview)

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19
Q

What is the anterior commissure?

A

Bundle of white matter, ant to fornix

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20
Q

What is the function of the anterior commissure?

A

Helps connect 2 cerebral hemispheres

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21
Q

The fornix, corpus callosum and septum pellucidum are all part of what?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

22
Q

Where does the optic nerve lie in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

Projects from inf/ant aspect

23
Q

Where do the mamillary bodies lie in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

Inf/post aspect

24
Q

Where does the pituitary stalk (infundibulum) lie in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

Projects from inf border, between optic nerve and mamillary bodies

25
Q

What is the interthalamic adhesion?

A

Contact point of 2 thalami - bisects 3rd ventricle

26
Q

What are the 2 swellings of the telencephalon either side of the midline connected by?

A

Lamina terminalis

27
Q

What does the embryological lamina terminalis form?

A

Anterior commissure and corpus callosum

28
Q

What are the 3 horns of the lateral ventricles and which lobe does each occupy?

A

Anterior horn - frontal lobe
Posterior horn - occipital lobe
Inferior horn - temporal lobe

29
Q

How thick is the cerebral cortex?

A

Varies (2-4mm)

30
Q

What is the difference between a short association fibre, a long association fibre and commisural fibre?

A

Short association fibres - connect 2 adjacent gyri in same hemisphere

Long association fibres - connect 2 non-adjecent gyri in same hemisphere

Commisural fibres - connect 2 gyri in different hemispheres

31
Q

Corpus callosum and anterior commissure contain what kind of fibres?

A

Commissural fibres

32
Q

What are the 3 types of fibres found within the brain?

A
  • Association fibres
  • Commissural fibres
  • Projection fibres
33
Q

What is the function of projection fibres?

A

Carry information to/from hemispheres

34
Q

The internal capsule contains what kind of fibres?

A

Projection fibres

35
Q

What does the deep grey matter of the cerebral hemispheres form

A

Basal ganglia - group of nuclei

36
Q

What 2 nuclei are found in the basal nuclei?

A

Caudate nucleus

Lentiform nucleus

37
Q

What 2 parts make up the lentiform nucleus, which lies deeper

A 
Globus pallidus
Putamen globus (deeper)
38
Q

In a horizontal section of the brain which 2 parts of the caudate nucleus can be seen, what shape is it?

A

Head and tail of caudate nucelus

-C shaped

39
Q

What surrounds the basal ganglia?

A

White matter

40
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Involved in movement

41
Q

What is the ventricular system derived from?

A

Lumen of the neural tube

42
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles?

A

Within cerebral hemipsheres

43
Q

Where is the 4 th ventricle?

A

Between cerebellum, pons and medulla

44
Q

What connects the 2 lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen

45
Q

How are the 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle connected?

A

By cerebral aqueduct

46
Q

How does the CSF produced in the ventricular system pass into the subarachnoid space?

A

Via 2 lateral and 1 medial apertures of 4th ventricle

47
Q

What structure passes through the 3rd ventricle?

A

Interthalamic adhesion

- NB no fibres pass through it

48
Q

What is the total volume of CSF in an adult? How much is produced daily?

A

Total volume ~150 ml

~500ml produced daily

49
Q

In which ventricle is the majority of CSF produced?

A

Lateral ventricles

50
Q

How is CSF recycled?

A

Arachnoid granulations pass from subarachnoid space into dural sinuses

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