1) Brain, meninges and blood supply

Question 1

What fissure separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 1

Great longditudinal fissure

Question 2

What is the difference between grey and white matter and where are they located?

Answer 2

Grey matter - contain nerve cell bodies
- makes up cerebral cortex, on periphery

White matter - contains axons
-below grey matter

Question 3

Which sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 3

Central sulcus

Question 4

Which sulcus/fissure seperates the frontal and parietal lobe from the temporal lobe?

Answer 4

Lateral sulcus/fissure

Question 5

From which surface can the central and lateral sulci be seen?

Answer 5

Lateral

Question 6

What fissure/sulcus seperates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

Answer 6

Parietooccipital sulcus

Question 7

Where is the 1* motor region located?

Answer 7

Pre central gyrus (frontal lobe)

Question 8

Where is the 1* sensory region located?

Answer 8

Post central gyrus (parietal lobe)

Question 9

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

Answer 9

Midbrain, medulla and pons

Question 10

Where does the cerebellum lie?

Answer 10

Posterior to brainstem

Question 11

Where is the diencephalon?

Answer 11

Superior to the brainstem

Question 12

Where does the 4th ventricle lie?

Answer 12

Between the brain stem and cerebellum

Question 13

What 2 parts of the brain does the diencephalon contain?

Answer 13

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 14

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 14

Relay station between brainstem, spinal cord and cerebral cortex

Question 15

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 15

Controls autonomic NS

Question 16

Which end of the neural tube develops into the brain?

Answer 16

Rostral end

Question 17

What are the 3 meninges of the brain?

Answer 17

• Dura (outermost)
• Arachnoid ( middle)
• Pia (innermost)

Question 18

What is the nature of the dura mater?

Answer 18

Tough fibrous membrane, adhered to skull

Question 19

What is the nature of the arachnoid mater?

Answer 19

Soft translucent membrane, adhered to dura

Question 20

What is the subdural space?

Answer 20

Potential space between dura and arachnoid mater

Question 21

What is the nature of pia mater?

Answer 21

Very thin and delicate, tightly adhered to brain

Question 22

What is the subarachnoid space and what is contained within it?

Answer 22

Space between arachnoid and pia mater. Contains CSF.

Question 23

What is the falx cerebri?

Answer 23

Reflection of dura mater extending between 2 hemispheres

Question 24

What is tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 24

Reflection of dura mater extending between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 25

How many layers does dura mater have?

Answer 25

2 - outer periosteal

-inner meningeal

Question 26

What are dural venous sinuses?

Answer 26

Spaces where the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura are not adhered together .
-Venous blood drains into them&raquo_space; int jugular vein

Question 27

What is the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 27

Dural venous sinus created by falx cerebri reflection

Question 28

Where is the confluence of sinuses?

Answer 28

Posterior

Question 29

What are the 5 major sinuses to remember and in which dural infolding are they positioned?

Answer 29

1) Superior sagittal sinus - Falx cerebri
2) Inferior sagittal sinus - Falx cerebri
3) Straight sinus - Falx cerebri where crossed by tentorium cerebelli
4) Right/left transverse sinus - Tentorium cerebelli
5) Sigmoid sinus - Tentorium cerebelli

Question 30

What are the 2 pairs of arteries that supply the brain?

Answer 30

• Vertebral arteries

- Internal carotid arteries (more anterior)

Question 31

Via which foramen do the verterbral arteries enter the skull?

Answer 31

Foramen magnum

Question 32

From which arteries do the vertebral arteries branch?

Answer 32

Subclavian arteries

Question 33

How do the internal carotids enter the skill?

Answer 33

Via carotid channels

Question 34

What is the rough course of the vertebral arteries?

Answer 34

Subclavian&raquo_space; along spinal cord within vertebrae on post neck

Question 35

What are the 3 pairs of cerebellar arteries and from where do they originate?

Answer 35

1) Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries from vertebral arteries
2) Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the basillar artery
3) Superior cerebellar arteries from the basillar artery

Question 36

What are the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries and from where do they originate?

Answer 36

1) Posterior cerebral arteries formed from the bifurcation of the basillar artery
2) Middle cerebral arteries which come off the internal carotid
3) Anterior cerebral arteries which come off the middle cerebral arteries

Question 37

What is the anterior communicating artery?

Answer 37

Between the 2 anterior cerebral arteries

Question 38

Where is the posterior communicating artery?

Answer 38

Between the internal carotid and posterior cerebral artery

Question 39

What are the labyrinthine arteries?

Answer 39

Branches off basillar artery

Question 40

Which artery supplies most of the lateral hemisphere?

Answer 40

Middle cerebral artery

Question 41

Which artery supplies most of the pre and post central gyri?

Answer 41

Middle cerebral artery

Question 42

Which arteries project forwards and supplies the majority of the medial surface of the brain?

Answer 42

Anterior cerebral arteries

Question 43

Which arteries mainly supply the post brain?

Answer 43

Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 44

Where does the basillar artery bifurcate?

Answer 44

At the junction between the pons and midbrain

Question 45

Which artery supplies the medial occipital lobe?

Answer 45

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 46

Which arteries supply the lateral pons?

Answer 46

Labryrinthine arteries

Question 47

What is the anterior spinal artery a branch of?

Answer 47

Vertebral artery