Functional Localisation

Question 1

area affected in CNS problem

Answer 1

hemiplegia

paraplegia

Question 2

area affected in PNS

Answer 2

peripheral or localised area

Question 3

area affected in NMJ

Answer 3

ocular
bulbar
proximal limb

Question 4

area affected in muscle problem

Answer 4

proximal

symmetrical

Question 5

description of weakness in CNS problem

Answer 5

heaviness

Question 6

description of weakness in PNS problem

Answer 6

positional/with sleep

ascending

Question 7

description of weakness in NMJ problem

Answer 7

fatiguable

Question 8

description of weakness in muscle

Answer 8

aching

insidious

Question 9

additional features in CNS problem

Answer 9

spasms

jerks

Question 10

additional features in PNS problem

Answer 10

cramp

twitching

Question 11

additional features in NMJ problem

Answer 11

bulbar= swallowing, speaking
ocular=diplopia, ptosis
respiratory= orthopnoea, SOB

Question 12

additional features in muscle problem

Answer 12

myalgia

cramp

Question 13

sensory symptoms in CNS problem?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

sensory symptoms in PNS problem?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

sensory symptoms in NMJ

Answer 15

no

Question 16

sensory symptoms if muscle problem?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

tone in CNS problem

Answer 17

increased
spasticity
clonus

Question 18

tone in PNS problem

Answer 18

reduced

Question 19

pattern of weakness in CNS

Answer 19

pyramidal

arm extensors and leg flexors

Question 20

pattern of weakness in PNS problem

Answer 20

distal weakness

Question 21

reflexes in CNS problem

Answer 21

increased in CNS

Question 22

reflexes in PNS problem

Answer 22

decreased

Question 23

plantar response in CNS

Answer 23

extensor

Question 24

plantar response in PNS

Answer 24

flexor

Question 25

weakness if lesion cervical spine?

Answer 25

weakness in arms and legs

Question 26

weakness if lesion in thoracolumbar spine

Answer 26

weakness in legs

Question 27

LMN causes

Answer 27

anterior horn of spinal cord symmetrical polyneuropathy mononeuropathy

Question 28

what is symmetrical polyneuropathy a complication of?

Answer 28

diabetes toxins (alcohol) metabolic insults inheritable disorders

Question 29

causes of mononeuropathy

Answer 29

``` nerve compression mononeuritis multiplex (diabetes or vasculitis) ```

Question 30

classification of movement disorders

Answer 30

1. corticospinal/pyramidal 2. basal ganglia (extra-pyramidal) 3. cerebellum

Question 31

corticospinal/pyramidal movement disorder presentation

Answer 31

pyramidal weakness and spasticity

Question 32

basal ganglia movement disorder presentation

Answer 32

hyperkinetic | hypokinetic

Question 33

cerebellum movement disorder presentation

Answer 33

wide-based gait tremor ataxia

Question 34

function of the frontal lobe

Answer 34

``` executive functioning motivation hunger sexual function responsibilities ```

Question 35

dysfunction of the frontal lobe signs

Answer 35

``` personality change magnetic gait (feet attached to the floor) seizures incontinence visual fields (optic chiasm) Broca's area anosmia ```

Question 36

temporal lobe dysfunction signs

Answer 36

``` memory dysfunction agnosia Werncike's area visual fields auditory dysfunction limbic dysfunction temporal lobe epilepsy ```

Question 37

parietal lobe dysfunction signs

Answer 37

``` visual field defect sensory dysfunction Gerstmann's syndrome dyspraxia change in handwriting inattention denial ```