Functional Localisation Flashcards
area affected in CNS problem
hemiplegia
paraplegia
area affected in PNS
peripheral or localised area
area affected in NMJ
ocular
bulbar
proximal limb
area affected in muscle problem
proximal
symmetrical
description of weakness in CNS problem
heaviness
description of weakness in PNS problem
positional/with sleep
ascending
description of weakness in NMJ problem
fatiguable
description of weakness in muscle
aching
insidious
additional features in CNS problem
spasms
jerks
additional features in PNS problem
cramp
twitching
additional features in NMJ problem
bulbar= swallowing, speaking
ocular=diplopia, ptosis
respiratory= orthopnoea, SOB
additional features in muscle problem
myalgia
cramp
sensory symptoms in CNS problem?
yes
sensory symptoms in PNS problem?
yes
sensory symptoms in NMJ
no
sensory symptoms if muscle problem?
no
tone in CNS problem
increased
spasticity
clonus
tone in PNS problem
reduced
pattern of weakness in CNS
pyramidal
arm extensors and leg flexors
pattern of weakness in PNS problem
distal weakness
reflexes in CNS problem
increased in CNS
reflexes in PNS problem
decreased
plantar response in CNS
extensor
plantar response in PNS
flexor
weakness if lesion cervical spine?
weakness in arms and legs
weakness if lesion in thoracolumbar spine
weakness in legs
LMN causes
anterior horn of spinal cord
symmetrical polyneuropathy
mononeuropathy
what is symmetrical polyneuropathy a complication of?
diabetes
toxins (alcohol)
metabolic insults
inheritable disorders
causes of mononeuropathy
nerve compression mononeuritis multiplex (diabetes or vasculitis)
classification of movement disorders
- corticospinal/pyramidal
- basal ganglia (extra-pyramidal)
- cerebellum
corticospinal/pyramidal movement disorder presentation
pyramidal weakness and spasticity
basal ganglia movement disorder presentation
hyperkinetic
hypokinetic
cerebellum movement disorder presentation
wide-based gait
tremor
ataxia
function of the frontal lobe
executive functioning motivation hunger sexual function responsibilities
dysfunction of the frontal lobe signs
personality change magnetic gait (feet attached to the floor) seizures incontinence visual fields (optic chiasm) Broca's area anosmia
temporal lobe dysfunction signs
memory dysfunction agnosia Werncike's area visual fields auditory dysfunction limbic dysfunction temporal lobe epilepsy
parietal lobe dysfunction signs
visual field defect sensory dysfunction Gerstmann's syndrome dyspraxia change in handwriting inattention denial
