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Neurology Key Info > Anatomy of The Brain and Cranium > Flashcards

Anatomy of The Brain and Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

what does the CNS consist of?

A

brain

spinal cord

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2
Q

what does the PNS consist of?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
autonomic nerves

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3
Q

what does the neural tube develop from?

A

three swellings > five swellings

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4
Q

what are the five swellings of the neural tube?

A 
telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres)
diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)
myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
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5
Q

two types of cells in the nerve system

A
  1. neurons

2. glial cells

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6
Q

role of neurons

A

transmit impulses to other neurons and effector cells

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7
Q

most common type of neuron

A

multipolar (many dendrites and one axon)

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8
Q

role of the axon/ axon hillock

A

take information away

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9
Q

what modality are unipolar neurons?

A

sensory

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10
Q

four types of glial cells in the CNS

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

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11
Q

role of astrocytes

A

support
BBB
environmental homeostasis

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12
Q

role of oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin in CNS

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13
Q

what produces myelin in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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14
Q

what is the microglia

A

macrophages

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15
Q

what are the ependymal cells?

A

ciliated cuboidal/ columnar epithelium that line ventricles

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16
Q

appearance of the brain

A

gyri and sulci (deep is fissure)

white matter at the centre, except thalamus

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17
Q

where is the central sulcus?

A

separates frontal and parietal lobes

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18
Q

where is the longitudinal cerebral fissure?

A

separates the two cerebral hemispheres

19
Q

what is in the calcarine sulcus?

A

visual cortex

20
Q

name of a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS?

A

nucleus

21
Q

name of collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS?

A

ganglion

22
Q

is the dura adherent to the skull?

A

yes

23
Q

what innervates the dura

A

CNV

24
Q

two layers of the dura

A
  1. periosteal

2. meningeal

25
Q

what does the dura fold to form?

A

septa including diaphragm sellae, tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebri

26
Q

where does venous drainage of the brain happen?

A

passage between dural layers called dural venous sinuses from cerebral veins and confluences at internal occipital protuberance and drains into IJV at jugular foramen

27
Q

examples of venous sinuses

A

superior sagittal
inferior sagittal
cavernous sinus

28
Q

where is arterial supply to the brain found? (circle of Willis)

A

sub-arachnoid space so is bathed in CSF

29
Q

layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (arteries of the scalp found here)
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
30
Q

what type of joints are the sutures in the skull?

A

fibrous joints

31
Q

what is the pterion?

A

H-shape on the lateral aspect of the skull formed between frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones
thinnest part of the skull
middle meningeal artery is deep to this

32
Q

three major cerebral arteries that supply the brain

A

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery

33
Q

what arteries make up the Circle of Willis?

A

right and left anterior cerebral arteries
left and right anterior communicating arteries
right and left ICA
left and right middle cerebral artery
left and right posterior communicating arteries
left and right posterior cerebral artery
basilar artery (from right and left vertebral arteries)

34
Q

role of corpus callosum

A

allows communication between two sides of the brain

35
Q

what is at the precentral gyrus?

A

motor cortex

36
Q

what is in the postcentral gyrus?

A

somatosensory cortex

37
Q

where is the lateral fissure?

A

above temporal lobe

38
Q

which part of the basal ganglia is also in the midbrain?

A

substantia nigra

39
Q

what is the clivus?

A

portion of the skull anterior to the foramen magnum

40
Q

how does the ICA enter the cranium?

A

foramen lacerum > carotid canal

41
Q

what are arachnoid granulations made of?

A

arachnoid mater

42
Q

what supplies blood the the meninges

A

middle meningeal artery

43
Q

how do the vertebral arteries reach the cranium/ circle of willis?

A

via foramina of the cervical vertebrae

Neurology Key Info (51 decks)

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