4th Year Intracranial Haemorrhages

Question 1

which spinal tract does a syringomyelia affect?

Answer 1

sensory loss of STT

Question 2

which groups of people is a subdural haemorrhage more likely in?

Answer 2

elderly
alcoholics

this is due to brain atrophy

Question 3

where can intracerebral haemorrhages occur?

Answer 3

lobar
deep
intraventricular
basal ganglia
cerebellar

Question 4

what usually causes SAH?

Answer 4

ruptured cerebral aneurysm

Question 5

what is associated with SAH?

Answer 5

cocaine
sickle cell anaemia
connective tissue disorders (Marfan's, EDS)
polycystic kidneys
neurofibromatosis

Question 6

Kernig’s sign in SAH

Answer 6

neck stiffness takes 6 hours to develop

Question 7

how long does it take to get a xanthrochromic result in LP?

Answer 7

> 12hours for breakdown of RBCs to occur

Question 8

what to do in raised RBC in LP?

Answer 8

can decrease over samples if traumatic LP

Question 9

why is xanthochromia yellow?

Answer 9

bilirubin

Question 10

surgical intervention of SAH

Answer 10

coiling

clipping

Question 11

what is coiling in SAH?

Answer 11

inserting a catheter into arterial system using the endovascular approach and placing coils to seal artery

Question 12

what is used to prevent vasospasm in SAH?

Answer 12

nimodipine

Question 13

is subdural venous?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

is extradural arterial?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

is SAH usually arterial?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

causes of intracranial hypotension

Answer 16

post traumatic LP
anaesthetic
micturition syncope
carotid sinus syndrome

Question 17

what is subclavian steal syndrome?

Answer 17

subclavian artery causes blood to be stolen by the arm causing brain ischaemia

Question 18

what does thrombosis of cerebral sinuses or veins cause?

Answer 18

cerebral infarction

Question 19

symptoms when sagittal sinus is affected?

Answer 19

HA
vomiting
seizures
reduced vision
papilloedema

Question 20

transverse sinus symptoms when affected?

Answer 20

HA
focal CNS signs
seizures
papilloedema

Question 21

sigmoid sinus symptoms

Answer 21

cerebellar signs

lower cranial nerve palsies

Question 22

inferior petrosal sinus symptoms

Answer 22

Vth and VIth cranial nerve palsies

Question 23

cavernous sinus symptoms

Answer 23

facial pustules or folliculitis