Anatomy: Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

Question 1

what is the cerebellum an extension of?

Answer 1

pons

Question 2

lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 2

anterior (smaller)
posterior
flocculondular

Question 3

how is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem?

Answer 3

3 stalks (peduncles)

Question 4

grey and white matter arrangement in the cerebellum

Answer 4

outside is grey matter
inner core of white matter

arranged into folia and sulci

Question 5

three layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 5

1. molecular layer (outer)
2. purkinje cell layer (middle- one cell thick)
3. granule cell layer (inner- neurons)

Question 6

what cell layer is input to the cerebellum to?

Answer 6

granule cell layer

Question 7

output of the cerebellum

Answer 7

purkinje cells

Question 8

what do the cerebellar hemispheres influence?

Answer 8

ipsilateral side of the body

Question 9

what does a unilateral lesion of the cerebellum disturb?

Answer 9

limb coordination leading to tremor and unsteady gait without weakness or sensory loss

Question 10

bilateral dysfunction of the cerebellum leads to?

Answer 10

dysarthria
bilateral incoordination
wide-based gait (cerebellar ataxia)

Question 11

cause of bilateral dysfunction of the cerebellum?

Answer 11

acute alcohol exposure

Question 12

what do midline lesions of the cerebellum disturb?

Answer 12

postural control (fall over when standing/ sitting)

Question 13

what is the basal ganglia?

Answer 13

number of grey matter masses located at the base of each cerebral hemisphere

Question 14

role of the basal ganglia

Answer 14

facilitate purposeful movement
inhibit unwanted movement
posture
muscle tone

Question 15

where do unilateral lesions of the basal ganglia affect?

Answer 15

contralateral side of the body

cause a change in muscle tone and dyskinesias (tremor, chorea and myoclonus)

Question 16

two disorders of the basal ganglia

Answer 16

1. PD

2. Huntington’s disease

Question 17

what is PD?

Answer 17

degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra

Question 18

what is Huntington’s disease?

Answer 18

AD degeneration of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

Question 19

what are the grey matter masses that make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 19

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus
substantia nigra

Question 20

how can the cerebellum communicate with other structures?

Answer 20

peduncles

Question 21

what are folds of the cerebellum called?

Answer 21

folia