4th Year Seizures

Question 1

what is a convulsion?

Answer 1

motor sign of electrical discharge

Question 2

two types of seizure

Answer 2

1. focal

2. generalised

Question 3

temporal seizure associations

Answer 3

automatisms
dysphasia
deja vu
emotional disturbance
hallucinations
delusions
bizarre associations

Question 4

frontal seizure associations

Answer 4

motor
Jacksonian march
post-ictal Todd’s palsy
dysphasia

Question 5

examples of generalised seizures

Answer 5

atonic seizures/ drop attacks
myoclonic seizures
infantile spasms/ West syndrome

Question 6

which syndrome is associated with drop attacks?

Answer 6

Lennox-Gastaut

Question 7

what does Lennox Gastaut syndrome present with?

Answer 7

different seizure types
delayed development
behavioural problems

Question 8

management of atonic seizures

Answer 8

sodium valproate

2. lamotrigine

Question 9

management of myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 9

sodium valproate

Question 10

management of infantile spasms/ West syndrome

Answer 10

prednisolone

vigabatrin

Question 11

adverse of sodium valproate

Answer 11

teratogenic
hepatitis
hair loss
tremor

Question 12

adverse of carbamazepine

Answer 12

agranulocytosis

aplastic anaemia risk

Question 13

adverse of phenytoin

Answer 13

folate and vit D deficiency
megaloblastic anaemia
osteomalacia

Question 14

adverse of ethosuximide

Answer 14

night terrors

rashes

Question 15

adverse of lamotrigine

Answer 15

SJS
DRESS
leukopenia

Question 16

when can epiletpics drive?

Answer 16

avoid driving until >1 year seizure free

have to let DVLA know

Question 17

when can you consider stopping AEDs?

Answer 17

> 2 years seizure free

Question 18

define status epilepticus

Answer 18

> 5 minutes or >3 seizures in 1 hour

Question 19

management of status epilpeticus

Answer 19

IV lorazepam (phenobarbitol or phenytoin)

Question 20

define Todd’s paralysis

Answer 20

temporary weakness after focal seizure in the motor cortex

Question 21

define Stokes-Adam’s attacks

Answer 21

transient arrhythmias cause reduced CO and LOC