From other simulations Flashcards
TPN before surgery
Decrease the dosage the evening before the surgery
Neurovascular coupling definition
Describes coupling between neuronal activity and the vasculature.
Negative feedback in which if activity increases, the autoregulation expands
Brain waves
Beta is linked with higher anxiety and more active states, with attention often directed externally.
Alpha is linked with being very relaxed, and passive attention (such as listening quietly but not engaging)
Theta is linked with deep relaxation and inward focus.
Delta is linked with deep sleep
Where do we have ECF tonicity sensors
Hypothalamus
What is Raj test
After local anesthetic injection, the motor response dissapear
Superior limb block site of action
Roots and Trunks: Interscalene block
Trunks or Divisions: Supraclavicular block
Cords: Infraclavicular block
Branches: Axillary block
What method of ventilation is better for the hospital stay
The method of ventilation doesn’t affect the hospital stay
Where in the brain sympathetic nociceptive stimulation begins
Nucleus tractus solitarius
What’s the main indication for CRT
LBBB
K and aldosterone
Increase of K out of the cell increase the release of aldosterone
Malnutrition and BUN
Malnutrition decreases BUN with no connection with the GFR
Cortex and V.A. effect
Sevoflurane has been shown to functionally disconnect the thalamus and cortex, especially frontal cortex
Calcium channel blockers
P channels are not affected by calcium entry-blocking drugs such as verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine. These drugs have profound effects on the slower L channels present in the cardiovascular system.
Accommodation and scoline
Accommodation does not occur in extraocular muscles, and these muscles can undergo a sustained contracture in the presence of succinylcholine
clearance of CO2 in lungs is determined by
Removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) is determined by alveolar ventilation, not by total (minute) ventilation.
In what zone of the lungs perfusion ventilation is maximal
Zone 2
When does it take place isovolumetric relaxation takes place in ECG
And the end of T wave
The half-life for the process (time for halving the vaporizer-circuit concentration difference)
0.693 × Vcirc/FGF.
How many half times is 95%
3
Ketamine charac
Ketamine, just as other NMDAR antagonists, may thus prevent opioid-induced hyperalgesia
The duration of ketamine anesthesia after a single IV administration of a general anesthetic dose (2mg/kg) is 10 to 15 minutes
Cardiovascular stimulation after small-dose ketamine infusion is characterized by tachycardia, systemic / pulmonary hypertension
Biased agonists
are agonist that activates only one portion of a receptor’s signaling pathway while inhibiting the other portion.
In the case of the Mu receptor, decreases arrestin beta (less GI and respiratory complications)
ED50 and ED95 of rocuronium and atracurium
Roc. ED50 0.15 ED95 0.3
Atrac. ED50 0.1 ED95 0.21
Propofol TCI
For surgery 4-8
For loss of conciousness 2-3
For sedation 1.33
Neurotransmitter for parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
HypoCa in ECG
Elongated QT
Treatment for hemolytic reaction
CO and Palv
High CO, Higher uptake from the gas, decreased Palv, slower induction
Midazolam dosage
0.05-0.15 mg/kg (even 0.3)
Dexmedetomidine and BIS
Dex decreases values of BIS but the patient still responds to sound or pain
To evaluate the quality of the contraction of the walls of the heart
Parasternal short axis view
Ginger
Cox 1 inhibitor
Stop 14 days before the surgery
APFEL score
Female PONV nonsmoker Use of opioids
0-4
0 9%, 1 20%, 2 39% 3 60% 4 78%
Pruritus after epidural
No connected to histamine release.
Suggested Ventilation parameters for One Lung Ventilation
- Tidal volume 5–6 mL/kg ideal
body weight
Maintain: Peak airway pressure
<35 cm H2O
Plateau airway pressure <25 cm H2O - Positive end expiratory pressure 5–10 cm H2O Patients with COPD, no added PEEP
- Respiratory rate 12 breaths/min
Maintain normal PaCO2,
PCO2 will usually increase 1–3 mm Hg during OLV
After release of aortic clamp
Pulmonary artery pressure increases. The rest of the hemodynamic values decrease
TEG and pregnancy
R shorter
K Shorter
MA increase
Normal breath rate in newborns
40-60 bpm
Hypercapnia and oculocardiac reflex
Worsen the reflex
Pseudocholinesterase decrease in pregnancy in which week
10th week
Stress test to perform to patients with pacemaker
Dipyridamole stress test
Cranial nerves
CN I – Olfactory
CN II – Optic
CN III – Oculomotor
CN IV – Trochlear
CN V – Trigeminal
CN VI – Abducens
CN VII – Facial
CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear
CN IX – Glossopharyngeal
CN X – Vagus
CN XI – Accessory
CN XII – Hypoglossal
D-lactic acidosis
is a rare metabolic complication in humans, but is occasionally observed as a consequence of short-bowel syndrome.
Factor V Leiden
Factor V Leiden is the name of a specific gene mutation that results in thrombophilia, which is an increased tendency to form abnormal blood clots that can block blood vessel
LAST incidence
1 / 1000
