19. Inhaled anesthetics Flashcards
MoA of Xenon, NO, Cyclopropane
Minimal effect in GABA
Depress glutamate via NMDA
Location of explicit memory
Hippocampus
What causes nausea by inhaled anesthetic
GABA A
Cardio / neuro effect of general anesthetic
In general neuroprotective / cardioprotective
Unified paradigm of anesthesia
Anesthesia occurs by the same mechanism i all animals. It can be achieved by various substances
Meyer / Overton
More soluble in olive oil, more potent (not faster)
Receptors of Iso, NO2, Xenon
Isof GABA
NO2 / Xenon NMDA
MAC to coma
1.3
Volatile anesthetic and heart
Negative inotropic effect due tu Ca channels
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inh. Pre, post, extra
Exc. Pre, post
Place of action
GABA and Glycine
GABA - Neocortex, allocortex
Glycine Spinal cord
Diencephalon / brainstem both
Explicit memory vs implicit
Explicit memory (short) achieved by a lower concentration compared to implicit (long term) memory
Glutamate
Excitatory neurotransmitter
Where does the greatest absorption of gases takes place?
Muscle
CO production of vapors
D > Enanf > I. Sevo No
Vessel rich group
10% body mass
75% cardiac output
Brain, lungs, kidney, heart, spinal cord, liver
Iso and ozone
Isof, more harmful to ozone compared to Sevo. The most NO2
Effect of vapors in organs in high cardiac output
Increase uptake, decrease Alveolar pressure, slows induction
Contraindications of NO2
Pneumothorax, air embolism, air in inner ear, eye, spinal cord.
pneumocephalus, intestinal obstruction
Solubility of Vapors
Less soluble - faster induction, awakening
High solubility - slower
V.A. in EEG
Changes in delta, mainly delta oscillations.
Seen in deep sleep / anesthesia
Receptor responsible for PONV after V.A.
Serotonin (GABA a)
NMDA charateristics
Mg dependent
Involved in chronic pain
Glutamate - Excitatory
Receptor Isof, NO2, Xenon
Isof GABAa
NO2 Xenon NMDA
VA and inotropic effect
Negative inotropic effect due to Ca channels
Bronchodilatation and vasodilation due to
Ca
