19. Inhaled anesthetics

Question 1

MoA of Xenon, NO, Cyclopropane

Answer 1

Minimal effect in GABA
Depress glutamate via NMDA

Question 2

Location of explicit memory

Answer 2

Hippocampus

Question 3

What causes nausea by inhaled anesthetic

Answer 3

GABA A

Question 4

Cardio / neuro effect of general anesthetic

Answer 4

In general neuroprotective / cardioprotective

Question 5

Unified paradigm of anesthesia

Answer 5

Anesthesia occurs by the same mechanism i all animals. It can be achieved by various substances

Question 6

Meyer / Overton

Answer 6

More soluble in olive oil, more potent (not faster)

Question 7

Receptors of Iso, NO2, Xenon

Answer 7

Isof GABA
NO2 / Xenon NMDA

Question 8

MAC to coma

Answer 8

1.3

Question 9

Volatile anesthetic and heart

Answer 9

Negative inotropic effect due tu Ca channels

Question 10

Inhibitory
Excitatory

Answer 10

Inh. Pre, post, extra
Exc. Pre, post

Question 11

Place of action
GABA and Glycine

Answer 11

GABA - Neocortex, allocortex
Glycine Spinal cord
Diencephalon / brainstem both

Question 12

Explicit memory vs implicit

Answer 12

Explicit memory (short) achieved by a lower concentration compared to implicit (long term) memory

Question 13

Glutamate

Answer 13

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 14

Where does the greatest absorption of gases takes place?

Answer 14

Muscle

Question 15

CO production of vapors

Answer 15

D > Enanf > I. Sevo No

Question 16

Vessel rich group

Answer 16

10% body mass
75% cardiac output
Brain, lungs, kidney, heart, spinal cord, liver

Question 17

Iso and ozone

Answer 17

Isof, more harmful to ozone compared to Sevo. The most NO2

Question 18

Effect of vapors in organs in high cardiac output

Answer 18

Increase uptake, decrease Alveolar pressure, slows induction

Question 19

Contraindications of NO2

Answer 19

Pneumothorax, air embolism, air in inner ear, eye, spinal cord.
pneumocephalus, intestinal obstruction

Question 20

Solubility of Vapors

Answer 20

Less soluble - faster induction, awakening
High solubility - slower

Question 21

V.A. in EEG

Answer 21

Changes in delta, mainly delta oscillations.
Seen in deep sleep / anesthesia

Question 22

Receptor responsible for PONV after V.A.

Answer 22

Serotonin (GABA a)

Question 23

NMDA charateristics

Answer 23

Mg dependent
Involved in chronic pain
Glutamate - Excitatory

Question 24

Receptor Isof, NO2, Xenon

Answer 24

Isof GABAa
NO2 Xenon NMDA

Question 25

VA and inotropic effect

Answer 25

Negative inotropic effect due to Ca channels

Question 26

Bronchodilatation and vasodilation due to

Answer 26

Ca