Freud, Erikson, Piaget & Kohlberg Theories Flashcards
EXAM 1 content - ch 26, 27, & 28: theoretical foundations
what was Freud all about?
development of personality & cognitive function
what are Freud’s theory stages in order?
- oral
- anal
- phallic
- latency
- genital
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what is the age range for the oral phase?
0-1 year old
what happens at the oral stage?
children get pleasure from oral activities
- sucking & tasting
- things in their mouth
what is the age range for the anal stage?
2-3 years old
what happens at the anal stage?
children begin potty training
what is the age range for the phallic stage?
3-6 years old
what happens at the phallic stage?
opposite sex parent attraction
- boys more attached to mom
- girls more attached to dad
what age range is the latency stage?
6 yo - puberty (after 12 yo)
what happens in the latency stage?
children spend more time & interact mostly with same sex peers
what is the age range for the genital stage?
beyond puberty ( > 12 yo)
what happens in the genital stage?
individuals are more attracted to the opposite sex peers
what is Erikson all about?
psychosocial development
what are the Erikson’s theory stages in order?
- infancy
- early childhood
- play age
- school age
- adolescence
- early adulthood
- middle age
- old age
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what is the age range of the infancy stage?
0-1 year old
what is the basic conflict of the infancy stage?
trust vs mistrust
what is happening in the infancy stage?
trust/mistrust that basic needs (nourishment & affection) will be met
what is the age range of the early childhood stage?
1-3 years old
what is the basic conflict in the early childhood stage?
autonomy vs shame/doubt
what is happening in the early childhood stage?
develops a sense of independence in tasks
what is the age range of the play stage?
3-6 yo
what is the basic conflict of the play stage?
initiative vs guilt
what is happening in the play stage?
will try to take initiative on activities, but will develop guilt if unsuccessful or when boundaries are overstepped
what is the age range of the school stage?
7-11 yo
what is the basic conflict of the school stage?
industry vs inferiority
what is happening in the school stage?
will develop self confidence or sense of inferiority based on their ability & competence
what is the age range of the adolescence stage?
12-18 yo
what is the basic conflict of the adolescence stage?
identity vs confusion
what is happening in the adolescence stage?
experimenting with developing a identity & different roles
what is the age range of the early adulthood stage?
19-29 yo
what is the basic conflict in the early adulthood stage?
intimacy vs isolation
what is happening in the early adulthood stage?
establishing intimacy & relationships with others
what is the age range of the middle age stage?
30-64 yo
what is the basic conflict in the middle age stage?
generativity vs stagnation
what is happening in the middle age stage?
contributing to society & being part of a family
what is the age range of the old age stage?
65 +
what is the basic conflict of the old age stage?
integrity vs despair
what is happening in the old age stage?
assesses and making sense of life and the meaning of their contributions
what was Piaget all about?
cognitive development
what is the order of stages of Piaget’s theory?
- sensorimotor
- preoperational
- concrete operational
- formal operation
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what age range is the sensorimotor stage?
0-2 yo
what is happening in the sensorimotor stage?
- coordination of senses w/motor responses
- sensory curiosity about the world
- language is used for demands & cataloguing
- object permanence is developed
what is the age range of the preoperational stage?
2-7 yo
what is happening in the preoperational stage?
- symbolic thinking
- proper syntax & grammar to express concepts
- strong imagination & intuition
- complex & abstract thoughts are still difficult
- conversation is developed
what is the age range of the concrete thinking stage?
7-11 yo
what is happening in the concrete operational stage?
- concepts are attached to concrete situations
- time, space & quantity are understood and applied but not as independent concepts
what is the age range of the formal operational stage?
11 +
what is happening in the formal operational stage?
- theoretical, hypothetical & counterfactual thinking
- has abstract logic & reasoning
- can strategize & plan
- concepts are learned in one context and can be applied in another
what is Kohlberg all about?
stages of moral development
what is the stages of moral development in order?
Pre-conventional
1. avoiding punishment
2. self-interest
Conventional
3. good boy attitude
4. law & order morality
Post-conventional
5. social contract
6. principle
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what age range is the pre-conventional stage?
3-7
what is the pre-conventional stage about?
moral reasoning based on reward and punishment
what stages are under the pre-conventional stage?
avoiding punishment & self-interest
what is the age range of the conventional stage?
8-13 yo
what is the conventional stage all about?
moral reasoning based on external ethics
what stages are under the conventional stage?
good boy attitude & law and order morality
what age range is the post-conventional stage?
adulthood
what is the post-conventional stage all about?
moral reasoning based on personal ethics
what stages are under the post-conventional stage?
social contract & principle
