ch 35: adolescent: 13-20 yo Flashcards
EXAM 1 content
how do you define adolescent stage?
the transition between childhood & adult hood
- rapid physical, cognitive, social & emotional maturation
when does the adolescent stage start?
appearance of secondary sex characteristics
what does the adolescent stage end?
stopping of body growth at 18-20 yo
define puberty
development of secondary sex characteristics
define prepubesence
period of 2 years before puberty
define postpubescence
1-2 years after puberty
- skeletal growth is complete
- reproductive function is established
what are the female primary characterisitcs?
- labia
- vagina
- clit
- uterus
what are the male primary characteristics?
- penis
- scrotum
why do secondary sex characteristics happen?
they happen because of hormone changes, they play no role in reproduction
what are some examples of secondary sex characteristics?
- voice changes
- hair growth
- breast enlargement
- fat deposits
what hormones stimulate gonads?
anterior pituitary gland & hypothalamus
what are gonads and what are examples of gonads?
the sex glands that secrete sex hormones (estrogen & androgen)
- ovaries
- testes
- adrenal glands
what is estrogen known for?
feminizing hormone
when is estrogen seen in boys?
gradual production throughout maturation –> some middle school boys will have breast pads
when is estrogen seen in girls?
it continues until 3 years after menarche & stays at it maximum throughout reproductive life
what is androgens known for?
masculinizing hormone, responsible for rapid growth in early teen years
how long does androgens gradually increase in both girls & boys?
7-9 years –> after it rapidly increases
what happens with androgens in girls?
they fluctuate throughout the monthly cycle & cycle throughout life
- they stop when ovaries are removed or when menopause is complete
for boys, how long does androgens increase?
15 yo
where is testosterone secreted and when does it reach maximum?
secreted by the testes and reaches maximum at maturity
what are the tanner stages of sexual maturity?
stage of development of secondary sex characteristics & genital development
- a guide for estimating sexual maturity
what is thelarche & when does that show up?
appearance of breast buds – 9-13 yo
what is adrenarche & when does that show up?
growth of pubic hair on mons pubis – 2-6 months AFTER thelarche
what is menarche & when does that show up?
first period ever – shows up 2 years after the first sign of pubescent changes
- the more developed the breast are = the closer the onset of menarche
what is the average age of girls’ menarche in north america?
12 yo & 4 months
what is the first sign of pubescent changes in boys?
- testicular enlargement
- scrotum is thinning, reddening & increase looseness of scrotum
what is the age range of the first pubescent changes in boys?
9 & 1/2 - 14 yo
what else changes in boys?
- penile enlargement
- pubic hair growth
- voice changes
- facial hair growth
what shows in 1/3 of boys that disappears within 2 years?
gynecomastia
how much of total height is achieved during puberty? and how many months does this happen for?
20-25% of total height – happens within 24-36 months, then slows down
what are the characteristics of height growth?
growing pains that usually happen at night
- hip, knee, & shoulder pain
what Erikson stage are adolescents in?
identity vs confusion (identify vs role diffusion)
- sex role identity
- emotionality
what Erikson stage are early adolescents in?
group identity vs. alienation
what Piaget stage are adolescents in?
abstract thinking
- thinking beyond present
- concern about others’ thoughts and needs
what Kohlberg stage are adolescents in?
post conventional
- questioning of moral values & relevance to society
- justice & reparation
- duty, obligation & rights of others
what is the goal of social development in adolescents?
to define identity independently from parental authority
- wants acceptance of peers
what is happening between the relationship of parents and adolescents?
- protection/dependency to mutual affection/equality
- adolescent struggles b/w privileges & responsibility
what might the first sign of emancipation from parents be?
- pushing parents away
- rejection of parents
- parents might push their teen away
what is the most leading cause of intentional death in adolescence?
firearms
what examples of expressive and harmful self mutilation?
- expressive: piercings
- harmful: cutting
what are some health concerns of adolescence?
- HTN
- hyperlipidemia –> check at 16 yo
- immunizations
- body art –> skin concerns
- sleep deprivation & insomnia
what are some disorders of the male reproductive system?
- varicocele: inflammation of veins & arteries going to testes
- epididymitis
- testicular torsion –> testes are twists –> can cut off blood supply
- gynecomastia
what is the health concern that is rising the fastest in adolescents?
substance abuse
what counts as drug abuse?
- THC
- fentanyl
- meth
- pills
why would adolescents start drugs?
because of experimentation
