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nurs 345: children > ch 35: adolescent: 13-20 yo > Flashcards

ch 35: adolescent: 13-20 yo Flashcards

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1
Q

how do you define adolescent stage?

A

the transition between childhood & adult hood
- rapid physical, cognitive, social & emotional maturation

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2
Q

when does the adolescent stage start?

A

appearance of secondary sex characteristics

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3
Q

what does the adolescent stage end?

A

stopping of body growth at 18-20 yo

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4
Q

define puberty

A

development of secondary sex characteristics

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5
Q

define prepubesence

A

period of 2 years before puberty

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6
Q

define postpubescence

A

1-2 years after puberty
- skeletal growth is complete
- reproductive function is established

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7
Q

what are the female primary characterisitcs?

A
  • labia
  • vagina
  • clit
  • uterus
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8
Q

what are the male primary characteristics?

A
  • penis
  • scrotum
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9
Q

why do secondary sex characteristics happen?

A

they happen because of hormone changes, they play no role in reproduction

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10
Q

what are some examples of secondary sex characteristics?

A
  • voice changes
  • hair growth
  • breast enlargement
  • fat deposits
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11
Q

what hormones stimulate gonads?

A

anterior pituitary gland & hypothalamus

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12
Q

what are gonads and what are examples of gonads?

A

the sex glands that secrete sex hormones (estrogen & androgen)
- ovaries
- testes
- adrenal glands

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13
Q

what is estrogen known for?

A

feminizing hormone

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14
Q

when is estrogen seen in boys?

A

gradual production throughout maturation –> some middle school boys will have breast pads

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15
Q

when is estrogen seen in girls?

A

it continues until 3 years after menarche & stays at it maximum throughout reproductive life

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16
Q

what is androgens known for?

A

masculinizing hormone, responsible for rapid growth in early teen years

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17
Q

how long does androgens gradually increase in both girls & boys?

A

7-9 years –> after it rapidly increases

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18
Q

what happens with androgens in girls?

A

they fluctuate throughout the monthly cycle & cycle throughout life
- they stop when ovaries are removed or when menopause is complete

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19
Q

for boys, how long does androgens increase?

A

15 yo

20
Q

where is testosterone secreted and when does it reach maximum?

A

secreted by the testes and reaches maximum at maturity

21
Q

what are the tanner stages of sexual maturity?

A

stage of development of secondary sex characteristics & genital development
- a guide for estimating sexual maturity

22
Q

what is thelarche & when does that show up?

A

appearance of breast buds – 9-13 yo

23
Q

what is adrenarche & when does that show up?

A

growth of pubic hair on mons pubis – 2-6 months AFTER thelarche

24
Q

what is menarche & when does that show up?

A

first period ever – shows up 2 years after the first sign of pubescent changes
- the more developed the breast are = the closer the onset of menarche

25
Q

what is the average age of girls’ menarche in north america?

A

12 yo & 4 months

26
Q

what is the first sign of pubescent changes in boys?

A
  • testicular enlargement
  • scrotum is thinning, reddening & increase looseness of scrotum
27
Q

what is the age range of the first pubescent changes in boys?

A

9 & 1/2 - 14 yo

28
Q

what else changes in boys?

A
  • penile enlargement
  • pubic hair growth
  • voice changes
  • facial hair growth
29
Q

what shows in 1/3 of boys that disappears within 2 years?

A

gynecomastia

30
Q

how much of total height is achieved during puberty? and how many months does this happen for?

A

20-25% of total height – happens within 24-36 months, then slows down

31
Q

what are the characteristics of height growth?

A

growing pains that usually happen at night
- hip, knee, & shoulder pain

32
Q

what Erikson stage are adolescents in?

A

identity vs confusion (identify vs role diffusion)
- sex role identity
- emotionality

33
Q

what Erikson stage are early adolescents in?

A

group identity vs. alienation

34
Q

what Piaget stage are adolescents in?

A

abstract thinking
- thinking beyond present
- concern about others’ thoughts and needs

35
Q

what Kohlberg stage are adolescents in?

A

post conventional
- questioning of moral values & relevance to society
- justice & reparation
- duty, obligation & rights of others

36
Q

what is the goal of social development in adolescents?

A

to define identity independently from parental authority
- wants acceptance of peers

37
Q

what is happening between the relationship of parents and adolescents?

A
  • protection/dependency to mutual affection/equality
  • adolescent struggles b/w privileges & responsibility
38
Q

what might the first sign of emancipation from parents be?

A
  • pushing parents away
  • rejection of parents
  • parents might push their teen away
39
Q

what is the most leading cause of intentional death in adolescence?

A

firearms

40
Q

what examples of expressive and harmful self mutilation?

A
  • expressive: piercings
  • harmful: cutting
41
Q

what are some health concerns of adolescence?

A
  • HTN
  • hyperlipidemia –> check at 16 yo
  • immunizations
  • body art –> skin concerns
  • sleep deprivation & insomnia
42
Q

what are some disorders of the male reproductive system?

A
  • varicocele: inflammation of veins & arteries going to testes
  • epididymitis
  • testicular torsion –> testes are twists –> can cut off blood supply
  • gynecomastia
43
Q

what is the health concern that is rising the fastest in adolescents?

A

substance abuse

44
Q

what counts as drug abuse?

A
  • THC
  • fentanyl
  • meth
  • pills
45
Q

why would adolescents start drugs?

A

because of experimentation

nurs 345: children (23 decks)

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