ch 35: adolescent: 13-20 yo

Question 1

how do you define adolescent stage?

Answer 1

the transition between childhood & adult hood
- rapid physical, cognitive, social & emotional maturation

Question 2

when does the adolescent stage start?

Answer 2

appearance of secondary sex characteristics

Question 3

what does the adolescent stage end?

Answer 3

stopping of body growth at 18-20 yo

Question 4

define puberty

Answer 4

development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 5

define prepubesence

Answer 5

period of 2 years before puberty

Question 6

define postpubescence

Answer 6

1-2 years after puberty
- skeletal growth is complete
- reproductive function is established

Question 7

what are the female primary characterisitcs?

Answer 7

• labia
• vagina
• clit
• uterus

Question 8

what are the male primary characteristics?

Answer 8

• penis
• scrotum

Question 9

why do secondary sex characteristics happen?

Answer 9

they happen because of hormone changes, they play no role in reproduction

Question 10

what are some examples of secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 10

• voice changes
• hair growth
• breast enlargement
• fat deposits

Question 11

what hormones stimulate gonads?

Answer 11

anterior pituitary gland & hypothalamus

Question 12

what are gonads and what are examples of gonads?

Answer 12

the sex glands that secrete sex hormones (estrogen & androgen)
- ovaries
- testes
- adrenal glands

Question 13

what is estrogen known for?

Answer 13

feminizing hormone

Question 14

when is estrogen seen in boys?

Answer 14

gradual production throughout maturation –> some middle school boys will have breast pads

Question 15

when is estrogen seen in girls?

Answer 15

it continues until 3 years after menarche & stays at it maximum throughout reproductive life

Question 16

what is androgens known for?

Answer 16

masculinizing hormone, responsible for rapid growth in early teen years

Question 17

how long does androgens gradually increase in both girls & boys?

Answer 17

7-9 years –> after it rapidly increases

Question 18

what happens with androgens in girls?

Answer 18

they fluctuate throughout the monthly cycle & cycle throughout life
- they stop when ovaries are removed or when menopause is complete

Question 19

for boys, how long does androgens increase?

Answer 19

15 yo

Question 20

where is testosterone secreted and when does it reach maximum?

Answer 20

secreted by the testes and reaches maximum at maturity

Question 21

what are the tanner stages of sexual maturity?

Answer 21

stage of development of secondary sex characteristics & genital development
- a guide for estimating sexual maturity

Question 22

what is thelarche & when does that show up?

Answer 22

appearance of breast buds – 9-13 yo

Question 23

what is adrenarche & when does that show up?

Answer 23

growth of pubic hair on mons pubis – 2-6 months AFTER thelarche

Question 24

what is menarche & when does that show up?

Answer 24

first period ever – shows up 2 years after the first sign of pubescent changes
- the more developed the breast are = the closer the onset of menarche

Question 25

what is the average age of girls' menarche in north america?

Answer 25

12 yo & 4 months

Question 26

what is the first sign of pubescent changes in boys?

Answer 26

- testicular enlargement - scrotum is thinning, reddening & increase looseness of scrotum

Question 27

what is the age range of the first pubescent changes in boys?

Answer 27

9 & 1/2 - 14 yo

Question 28

what else changes in boys?

Answer 28

- penile enlargement - pubic hair growth - voice changes - facial hair growth

Question 29

what shows in 1/3 of boys that disappears within 2 years?

Answer 29

gynecomastia

Question 30

how much of total height is achieved during puberty? and how many months does this happen for?

Answer 30

20-25% of total height -- happens within 24-36 months, then slows down

Question 31

what are the characteristics of height growth?

Answer 31

growing pains that usually happen at night - hip, knee, & shoulder pain

Question 32

what Erikson stage are adolescents in?

Answer 32

identity vs confusion (identify vs role diffusion) - sex role identity - emotionality

Question 33

what Erikson stage are early adolescents in?

Answer 33

group identity vs. alienation

Question 34

what Piaget stage are adolescents in?

Answer 34

abstract thinking - thinking beyond present - concern about others' thoughts and needs

Question 35

what Kohlberg stage are adolescents in?

Answer 35

post conventional - questioning of moral values & relevance to society - justice & reparation - duty, obligation & rights of others

Question 36

what is the goal of social development in adolescents?

Answer 36

to define identity independently from parental authority - wants acceptance of peers

Question 37

what is happening between the relationship of parents and adolescents?

Answer 37

- protection/dependency to mutual affection/equality - adolescent struggles b/w privileges & responsibility

Question 38

what might the first sign of emancipation from parents be?

Answer 38

- pushing parents away - rejection of parents - parents might push their teen away

Question 39

what is the most leading cause of intentional death in adolescence?

Answer 39

firearms

Question 40

what examples of expressive and harmful self mutilation?

Answer 40

- expressive: piercings - harmful: cutting

Question 41

what are some health concerns of adolescence?

Answer 41

- HTN - hyperlipidemia --> check at 16 yo - immunizations - body art --> skin concerns - sleep deprivation & insomnia

Question 42

what are some disorders of the male reproductive system?

Answer 42

- varicocele: inflammation of veins & arteries going to testes - epididymitis - testicular torsion --> testes are twists --> can cut off blood supply - gynecomastia

Question 43

what is the health concern that is rising the fastest in adolescents?

Answer 43

substance abuse

Question 44

what counts as drug abuse?

Answer 44

- THC - fentanyl - meth - pills

Question 45

why would adolescents start drugs?

Answer 45

because of experimentation