ch 32: toddlers: 1-3 yo Flashcards
EXAM 1 content
what age is the toddler years?
12 - 36 months / 1-3 yo
what is this age period known for? what are the toddlers doing so much?
environmental explorations
how fast (or slow) do toddlers gain weight?
toddlers gain weight 4-6 lbs per year
how much should their weight be by 2 & 1/2 yo?
should be quadrupled
how fast does their height grow?
3 inches per year
what parts of their body grow super fast?
their legs
if their legs grow faster than their trunk, what can that result into?
clumsiness!
what kind of graph can we compare to in terms of a toddlers growth?
more step-like , not linear
what is an acceptable vision grade for a toddler?
20/40
what are the rest of senses doing?
using and developing by exploring the environment
in the toddler stage, what is happening the most of the physiologic systems?
most physiological systems are matured by the end of toddlerhood
can a toddler maintain body temperature?
yes
in toddlerhood, how is their elimination (pooping?)
they should be able to maintain it
how often do toddlers get infections?
6-8 times per year
what are common infections that toddlers get?
UR infections, otitis media & tonsillitis
what about a toddlers skin?
their skin defense mechanisms are intact
around what age do toddlers have a refinement of coordination?
2-3 yo
around what age do they have improved manual dexterity?
12 to 15 months
when can toddlers throw a ball?
18 months
what gross & fine motor skills can a toddler do by age of 12 months?
- gross: walking
- fine: refined pincer grasp
what gross & fine motor skills can a toddler do by 18 months?
- gross: throws overhand
- fine: builds a 3-4 block tower
what gross & fine motor skills can a toddler do by 24 months?
- gross: can go downstairs 1 at a time
- fine: imitate drawing a circle
what gross motor skill can a toddler do by 36 months?
go up & down stairs with alternating feet
what should you as a nurse do if a toddler is not able to go up and down the stairs with alternating feet?
assess for vision problems
what stage of Erikson is a toddler in?
autonomy vs shame & doubt –> they have a lot of negativism
what stage of Piaget is a toddler in?
sensorimotor & preoperational
what develops rapidly b/w 12 - 24 months?
cognitive processes
as cognitive processes develop, what also starts to develop?
- spiritual development –> always asking “why”
- body image
what age do toddlers recognize gender differences?
2 yo
when is gender identity formed? what do they do that shows that they understand gender roles?
3 yo –> playing house
on their bodies, what do toddlers explore?
their genitalia
in terms of language, by age 1 yo what can a toddler do?
form 1 word sentences
in terms of language, by age 2 yo what can a toddler do?
form multi word sentences
how does a toddler comprehend things?
by “literally”
toddlers want to start doing things independently, what skills do they want to try?
feeding, playing, dressing & undressing self
as independence skills are increased, what behaviors would we see?
determined, strong-willed & volatile behaviors
how are toddlers feelings in relation to others?
they develop concern for the feelings of others
what is super important in terms of other toddlers?
interaction! play is very important
what types of play do toddlers do?
- parallel play
- imitation
- tactile
what is parallel play?
when children play next to each other but do NOT interact with each other
what is imitation play?
when a child copies another person
what is tactile play?
children exploring an object with the hands –> engages the sense of touch
what should you do as a nurse when a toddler has temper tantrums?
- wait it out
- make sure they are safe
- ignore attention seeking behavior
are temper tantrums a normal part of childhood?
yes!
when are temper tantrums a sign of other problems?
- if the child is less than 1 yo or more than 4 yo
- behavior is aggressive or violent
- it occurs regularly in school
- if they have sleep or feeding issues, breathing holding, or fainting
how do you know when a toddler is ready to toilet train?
should be able to stay dry for more than 2 hours
- waking up dry
- they have the fine motor skills to remove clothing
- they want to please parents in going to the bathroom
- they are curious about adult toilet habits
- they hate wet or soiled diapers
what should toddlers be eating?
finger foods – foods that can move with them
what should you talk about as a nurse about safety promotion & injury prevention?
- motor vehicle safety
- drowning (only need 1 inch to drown)
- burns
- accidental poisoning
- falls
- aspiration & suffocation
- bodily injury
what are common poisons toddlers can accidently get?
- cosmetics & skin care
- medications
- household cleaners
- foreign bodies miscellaneous substances
what are some of the causes of lead poisoning?
- paint
- melting pipes together
what does lead poisoning look like?
hyperactivity –> looks like adhd
where do kids usually get screened?
at school
what is the therapeutic management of lead poisoning?
chelation therapy: sticks to metal and leaves through urine
