ch 32: toddlers: 1-3 yo

Question 1

what age is the toddler years?

Answer 1

12 - 36 months / 1-3 yo

Question 2

what is this age period known for? what are the toddlers doing so much?

Answer 2

environmental explorations

Question 3

how fast (or slow) do toddlers gain weight?

Answer 3

toddlers gain weight 4-6 lbs per year

Question 4

how much should their weight be by 2 & 1/2 yo?

Answer 4

should be quadrupled

Question 5

how fast does their height grow?

Answer 5

3 inches per year

Question 6

what parts of their body grow super fast?

Answer 6

their legs

Question 7

if their legs grow faster than their trunk, what can that result into?

Answer 7

clumsiness!

Question 8

what kind of graph can we compare to in terms of a toddlers growth?

Answer 8

more step-like , not linear

Question 9

what is an acceptable vision grade for a toddler?

Answer 9

20/40

Question 10

what are the rest of senses doing?

Answer 10

using and developing by exploring the environment

Question 11

in the toddler stage, what is happening the most of the physiologic systems?

Answer 11

most physiological systems are matured by the end of toddlerhood

Question 12

can a toddler maintain body temperature?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

in toddlerhood, how is their elimination (pooping?)

Answer 13

they should be able to maintain it

Question 14

how often do toddlers get infections?

Answer 14

6-8 times per year

Question 15

what are common infections that toddlers get?

Answer 15

UR infections, otitis media & tonsillitis

Question 16

what about a toddlers skin?

Answer 16

their skin defense mechanisms are intact

Question 17

around what age do toddlers have a refinement of coordination?

Answer 17

2-3 yo

Question 18

around what age do they have improved manual dexterity?

Answer 18

12 to 15 months

Question 19

when can toddlers throw a ball?

Answer 19

18 months

Question 20

what gross & fine motor skills can a toddler do by age of 12 months?

Answer 20

• gross: walking
• fine: refined pincer grasp

Question 21

what gross & fine motor skills can a toddler do by 18 months?

Answer 21

• gross: throws overhand
• fine: builds a 3-4 block tower

Question 22

what gross & fine motor skills can a toddler do by 24 months?

Answer 22

• gross: can go downstairs 1 at a time
• fine: imitate drawing a circle

Question 23

what gross motor skill can a toddler do by 36 months?

Answer 23

go up & down stairs with alternating feet

Question 24

what should you as a nurse do if a toddler is not able to go up and down the stairs with alternating feet?

Answer 24

assess for vision problems

Question 25

what stage of Erikson is a toddler in?

Answer 25

autonomy vs shame & doubt --> they have a lot of negativism

Question 26

what stage of Piaget is a toddler in?

Answer 26

sensorimotor & preoperational

Question 27

what develops rapidly b/w 12 - 24 months?

Answer 27

cognitive processes

Question 28

as cognitive processes develop, what also starts to develop?

Answer 28

- spiritual development --> always asking "why" - body image

Question 29

what age do toddlers recognize gender differences?

Answer 29

2 yo

Question 30

when is gender identity formed? what do they do that shows that they understand gender roles?

Answer 30

3 yo --> playing house

Question 31

on their bodies, what do toddlers explore?

Answer 31

their genitalia

Question 32

in terms of language, by age 1 yo what can a toddler do?

Answer 32

form 1 word sentences

Question 33

in terms of language, by age 2 yo what can a toddler do?

Answer 33

form multi word sentences

Question 34

how does a toddler comprehend things?

Answer 34

by "literally"

Question 35

toddlers want to start doing things independently, what skills do they want to try?

Answer 35

feeding, playing, dressing & undressing self

Question 36

as independence skills are increased, what behaviors would we see?

Answer 36

determined, strong-willed & volatile behaviors

Question 37

how are toddlers feelings in relation to others?

Answer 37

they develop concern for the feelings of others

Question 38

what is super important in terms of other toddlers?

Answer 38

interaction! play is very important

Question 39

what types of play do toddlers do?

Answer 39

- parallel play - imitation - tactile

Question 40

what is parallel play?

Answer 40

when children play next to each other but do NOT interact with each other

Question 41

what is imitation play?

Answer 41

when a child copies another person

Question 42

what is tactile play?

Answer 42

children exploring an object with the hands --> engages the sense of touch

Question 43

what should you do as a nurse when a toddler has temper tantrums?

Answer 43

- wait it out - make sure they are safe - ignore attention seeking behavior

Question 44

are temper tantrums a normal part of childhood?

Answer 44

yes!

Question 45

when are temper tantrums a sign of other problems?

Answer 45

- if the child is less than 1 yo or more than 4 yo - behavior is aggressive or violent - it occurs regularly in school - if they have sleep or feeding issues, breathing holding, or fainting

Question 46

how do you know when a toddler is ready to toilet train?

Answer 46

should be able to stay dry for more than 2 hours - waking up dry - they have the fine motor skills to remove clothing - they want to please parents in going to the bathroom - they are curious about adult toilet habits - they hate wet or soiled diapers

Question 47

what should toddlers be eating?

Answer 47

finger foods -- foods that can move with them

Question 48

what should you talk about as a nurse about safety promotion & injury prevention?

Answer 48

- motor vehicle safety - drowning (only need 1 inch to drown) - burns - accidental poisoning - falls - aspiration & suffocation - bodily injury

Question 49

what are common poisons toddlers can accidently get?

Answer 49

- cosmetics & skin care - medications - household cleaners - foreign bodies miscellaneous substances

Question 50

what are some of the causes of lead poisoning?

Answer 50

- paint - melting pipes together

Question 51

what does lead poisoning look like?

Answer 51

hyperactivity --> looks like adhd

Question 52

where do kids usually get screened?

Answer 52

at school

Question 53

what is the therapeutic management of lead poisoning?

Answer 53

chelation therapy: sticks to metal and leaves through urine