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nurs 345: children > ch 31: infants: birth - 1yo > Flashcards

ch 31: infants: birth - 1yo Flashcards

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1
Q

how does a child develop / grow?

A
  • head to toe (cephalocaudal)
  • inside out (proximal –> distal)
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2
Q

how fast do infants gain weight?

A

5-7 oz per week

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3
Q

how much do they gain by age of 6 months?

A

double their birth weight

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4
Q

how much do they gain by age of 1 yo?

A

triple their birth weight

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5
Q

what is the rate by how much height do they grow?

A

height increases 1 inch per month x 6 months

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6
Q

do infants grow in spurts or gradual?

A

spurts

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7
Q

within an infant’s systems, what slows down?

A
  • slowing of RR
  • slowing of HR
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8
Q

what if the infant’s head is too big?

A

their body will grow INTO their head

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9
Q

what is happening with their nervous & digestive system?

A

there is more of a routine

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10
Q

what is happening to their thermoregulation?

A

increase of body surface area –> body can regulate more

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11
Q

what systems are maturing?

A
  • digestive processes
  • immunologic system
  • renal function
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12
Q

what are fine motor development stages we need to look out for in infants + in order?

A
  1. grasping objects
  2. transferring object b/w hands
  3. pincer grasp
  4. removing objects from container
  5. building tower of two blocks
    God Travels by Plane w/ Rabbits & Bugs
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13
Q

fine motor: what age do infants grasp objects?

A

2-3 months

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14
Q

what age do infants transfer objects b/w hands?

A

7 months

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15
Q

what does it mean if the infant at 7 months is not transferring objects b/w hands?

A

cerebral palsy or a neuro problem

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16
Q

what age do infants do pincer grasp? (cheerio!)

A

10 months

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17
Q

what age do infants remove objects from a container?

A

11 months

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18
Q

what age do infants build a tower of two blocks?

A

1 yo

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19
Q

what are gross motor development stages we need to look out for in infants + in order?

A
  1. head control
  2. rolling over
    - abdomen to back
    - back to abdomen
  3. sitting
  4. prone to sit
    Headly Roar Silently Please
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20
Q

what age do infants have head control?

A

2 months - head lag disappears

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21
Q

at what age do infants roll from the abdomen to back?

A

5 months

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22
Q

at what age do infants roll from their back to abdomen

A

6 months

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23
Q

what also happens at 6 months when they start rolling from back to abdomen?

A

they start pushing up to walk

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24
Q

at what age do infants start sitting?

A

7 months - tripod counts

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25
Q

at what age do infants go from prone to sitting?

A

10 months

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26
Q

what is the order of the gross motor development, locomotion?

A
  1. crawling
  2. walking with assistance
  3. walking alone
    Crazy Witches Wallow
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27
Q

what age do infants start crawling?

A

6-7 months

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28
Q

what also counts as crawling?

A

scooting

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29
Q

at what age do infants start walking with assistance?

A

11 months

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30
Q

what is another term for walking with holding onto something

A

creeping

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31
Q

what is the term for walking with holding onto someone

A

assistance

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32
Q

at what age do infant start walking alone?

A

1 yo

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33
Q

what is the Moro neurologic reflex?

A

startling –> reaches out and tries to grab mom

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34
Q

when does Moro (neuro reflex) start?

A

birth

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35
Q

when does Moro (neuro reflex) end?

A

1-4 months

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36
Q

what is the Tonic Neck neurologic reflex?

A

aka fencing – stretching out the arm the same side they look + bend the opposite arm

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37
Q

when does Tonic Neck (neuro reflex) start?

A

birth

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38
Q

when does Tonic Neck (neuro reflex) end?

A

5-7 months

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39
Q

what is the Palmar Grasp neuro reflex?

A

where if you put something in the infant’s hand they automatically close it

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40
Q

when does Palmar Grasp (neuro reflex) start?

A

birth

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41
Q

when does Palmar Grasp (neuro reflex) end?

A

4 months

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42
Q

what is the Babinski neuro reflex?

A

where the toes flail out when push against your finger

43
Q

when does Babinski (neuro reflex) start?

A

birth

44
Q

when does Babinski (neuro reflex) end?

A

18-24 months

45
Q

when does the Blinking & Turning neuro reflex start?

A

birth

46
Q

when does the Blinking and Turning neuro reflex end?

A

never

47
Q

when is the Rooting (when awake) neuro reflex?

A

when touching their cheeking –> opening their mouth towards the stimulation

48
Q

when does the Rooting (when awake) neuro reflex start?

A

birth

49
Q

when does the Rooting (when awake) neuro reflex end?

A

3-4 months

50
Q

what is the Rooting (when asleep) neuro reflex?

A

when touching their cheeking –> opening their mouth towards the stimulation

51
Q

when does the Rooting (when asleep) start?

A

birth

52
Q

when does the Rooting (when asleep) end?

A

7-8 months

53
Q

what is the Sucking neuro reflex?

A

if they are sucking, they feel full

54
Q

what happens when an infant is a premie? How do we keep the Sucking neuro reflex intact?

A

have an NG tube but still let them suck

55
Q

when does the Sucking neuro reflex start?

A

birth

56
Q

when does the Sucking neuro reflex end?

A

12 months

57
Q

when does Stepping neuro reflex start?

A

birth

58
Q

when does Stepping neuro reflex end?

A

4-5 months

59
Q

what is the Handedness neuro reflex?

A

starts having a dominant hand

60
Q

when does Handedness neuro reflex start?

A

2-3 yo

61
Q

when does Handedness end?

A

never

62
Q

when does Straight Line Walking neuro reflex start?

A

5-6 yo

63
Q

when does Straight Line Walking neuro reflex end?

A

never

64
Q

when does Blinking To Threat neuro reflex start?

A

6-7 months

65
Q

when does Visual Horizontal Following start?

A

4-6 weeks

66
Q

when does Visual Vertical Following start?

A

2-3 months

67
Q

when does Visual Horizontal & Vertical following end?

A

never

68
Q

what stage of Erikson are infants in?

A

trust vs mistrust

69
Q

when does trust occur for infants?

A

feeing & stimulation

70
Q

when does mistrust occur for infants?

A

when gratification of needs are delayed
- x changing diaper
- x being fed

71
Q

if infants are breastfed, what is increased?

A

biting

72
Q

what stage of Piaget is happening with infants?

A

sensorimotor phase

73
Q

what age is the use of reflexes (Piaget)?

A

birth - 1 month

74
Q

what age is using primary circular reactions (Piaget)?

A

1-4 month

75
Q

what age do infants use secondary circular reactions (piaget)?

A

4-8 months

76
Q

when do they understand object permanence?

A

9 months

77
Q

when do infants develop body image parallels with sensory motor development

A

8 -9 months
- boys will realize they have a penis & start to touch and pull it

78
Q

what are the infants first perceptions of their body?

A

anesthetic & tactile experiences

79
Q

when do infants start recognizing that they are distinct from their parents?

A

1 yo

80
Q

what are some social developments in infants?

A
  • attachment
  • separation anxiety
  • stranger fear
  • language development
  • play
81
Q

what is stranger fear?

A

a neg. attachment of when something bad happens –> they associate it with that person & what they are wearing

82
Q

how is an infant’s temperament formed? When does this stop?

A

a close relation to how the family acts & environment & stops around 6-7 yo

83
Q

how should child care arrangement happen?

A

only with parents

84
Q

how should parents set limits & discipline

A

positive reinforcement

85
Q

when should you start & stop using a pacifier?

A

start at 2-3 weeks old –> stop when breast feeding is established

86
Q

what happens when infants are born with teeth?

A

it is normal –> clean it

87
Q

what is the nutrition for an infant from birth to 6 months?

A

human milk or formula ONLY
- no water
- breastfeed for at least 1 first year of age

88
Q

what is the nutrition for an infant for the second 6 months of life? 6 months - 1 yo

A
  • introduce solid foods (rice & cereal)
  • weaning from breast or bottle
89
Q

how long should infants 3-4 months sleep in total?

A

9-11 hours

90
Q

how long do infants 3-4 months sleep in chunks?

A

3 hours at a time

91
Q

do formula fed or breastfed infants awake more often, and why?

A

breastfed infants
- breast milk does not make baby as full

92
Q

when should infants get flouride?

A

6 months

93
Q

what is the leading cause of ACCIDENTAL death?

A

car crashes

94
Q

until what age should a child be in a car seat?

A

8 yo

95
Q

what can cause hyperthermia in infants?

A

overdressing

96
Q

how can you as the nurse prevent injury to the infant?

A
  • ensure safety at home
  • teach parents infant cpr
97
Q

when should we worried about spitting up?

A

when it goes across the room

98
Q

what is colic?

A

infant cries for a long time for no obvious reason
- can be from sudden abdominal pain

99
Q

what is positional plagiocephaly?

A

back to sleep & front to play –> prevents flat head of infants

100
Q

how can a cow’s milk allergy develop into anaphylaxis?

A

if you keep exposing them to it

101
Q

what is ALTE or BRUE

A
  • apparent life threatening event
  • brief resolved unexplained event

–> aborted/near miss SIDS or unexplained respiratory pause greater than or equal to 20 seconds

102
Q

how do we give therapeutic management to ALTE?

A
  • theophylline/caffeine –> helps infant breathe better
  • family support & cpr training
103
Q

what are risk factors for SIDS?

A
  • smoking
  • belly when sleeping
  • items in crib
  • co sleeping
104
Q

how can we reduce risk of SIDS?

A
  • back when sleeping
  • clean crib
  • NO SMOKING at all
  • crib in the parents room for the first 6 months
  • no overheating

nurs 345: children (23 decks)

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