ch 31: infants: birth - 1yo Flashcards
EXAM 1 content
1
Q
how does a child develop / grow?
A
- head to toe (cephalocaudal)
- inside out (proximal –> distal)
2
Q
how fast do infants gain weight?
A
5-7 oz per week
3
Q
how much do they gain by age of 6 months?
A
double their birth weight
4
Q
how much do they gain by age of 1 yo?
A
triple their birth weight
5
Q
what is the rate by how much height do they grow?
A
height increases 1 inch per month x 6 months
6
Q
do infants grow in spurts or gradual?
A
spurts
7
Q
within an infant’s systems, what slows down?
A
- slowing of RR
- slowing of HR
8
Q
what if the infant’s head is too big?
A
their body will grow INTO their head
9
Q
what is happening with their nervous & digestive system?
A
there is more of a routine
10
Q
what is happening to their thermoregulation?
A
increase of body surface area –> body can regulate more
11
Q
what systems are maturing?
A
- digestive processes
- immunologic system
- renal function
12
Q
what are fine motor development stages we need to look out for in infants + in order?
A
- grasping objects
- transferring object b/w hands
- pincer grasp
- removing objects from container
- building tower of two blocks
God Travels by Plane w/ Rabbits & Bugs
13
Q
fine motor: what age do infants grasp objects?
A
2-3 months
14
Q
what age do infants transfer objects b/w hands?
A
7 months
15
Q
what does it mean if the infant at 7 months is not transferring objects b/w hands?
A
cerebral palsy or a neuro problem
16
Q
what age do infants do pincer grasp? (cheerio!)
A
10 months
17
Q
what age do infants remove objects from a container?
A
11 months
18
Q
what age do infants build a tower of two blocks?
A
1 yo
19
Q
what are gross motor development stages we need to look out for in infants + in order?
A
- head control
- rolling over
- abdomen to back
- back to abdomen - sitting
- prone to sit
Headly Roar Silently Please
20
Q
what age do infants have head control?
A
2 months - head lag disappears
21
Q
at what age do infants roll from the abdomen to back?
A
5 months
22
Q
at what age do infants roll from their back to abdomen
A
6 months
23
Q
what also happens at 6 months when they start rolling from back to abdomen?
A
they start pushing up to walk
24
Q
at what age do infants start sitting?
A
7 months - tripod counts
25
at what age do infants go from prone to sitting?
10 months
26
what is the order of the gross motor development, locomotion?
1. crawling
2. walking with assistance
3. walking alone
Crazy Witches Wallow
27
what age do infants start crawling?
6-7 months
28
what also counts as crawling?
scooting
29
at what age do infants start walking with assistance?
11 months
30
what is another term for walking with holding onto something
creeping
31
what is the term for walking with holding onto someone
assistance
32
at what age do infant start walking alone?
1 yo
33
what is the Moro neurologic reflex?
startling --> reaches out and tries to grab mom
34
when does Moro (neuro reflex) start?
birth
35
when does Moro (neuro reflex) end?
1-4 months
36
what is the Tonic Neck neurologic reflex?
aka fencing -- stretching out the arm the same side they look + bend the opposite arm
37
when does Tonic Neck (neuro reflex) start?
birth
38
when does Tonic Neck (neuro reflex) end?
5-7 months
39
what is the Palmar Grasp neuro reflex?
where if you put something in the infant's hand they automatically close it
40
when does Palmar Grasp (neuro reflex) start?
birth
41
when does Palmar Grasp (neuro reflex) end?
4 months
42
what is the Babinski neuro reflex?
where the toes flail out when push against your finger
43
when does Babinski (neuro reflex) start?
birth
44
when does Babinski (neuro reflex) end?
18-24 months
45
when does the Blinking & Turning neuro reflex start?
birth
46
when does the Blinking and Turning neuro reflex end?
never
47
when is the Rooting (when awake) neuro reflex?
when touching their cheeking --> opening their mouth towards the stimulation
48
when does the Rooting (when awake) neuro reflex start?
birth
49
when does the Rooting (when awake) neuro reflex end?
3-4 months
50
what is the Rooting (when asleep) neuro reflex?
when touching their cheeking --> opening their mouth towards the stimulation
51
when does the Rooting (when asleep) start?
birth
52
when does the Rooting (when asleep) end?
7-8 months
53
what is the Sucking neuro reflex?
if they are sucking, they feel full
54
what happens when an infant is a premie? How do we keep the Sucking neuro reflex intact?
have an NG tube but still let them suck
55
when does the Sucking neuro reflex start?
birth
56
when does the Sucking neuro reflex end?
12 months
57
when does Stepping neuro reflex start?
birth
58
when does Stepping neuro reflex end?
4-5 months
59
what is the Handedness neuro reflex?
starts having a dominant hand
60
when does Handedness neuro reflex start?
2-3 yo
61
when does Handedness end?
never
62
when does Straight Line Walking neuro reflex start?
5-6 yo
63
when does Straight Line Walking neuro reflex end?
never
64
when does Blinking To Threat neuro reflex start?
6-7 months
65
when does Visual Horizontal Following start?
4-6 weeks
66
when does Visual Vertical Following start?
2-3 months
67
when does Visual Horizontal & Vertical following end?
never
68
what stage of Erikson are infants in?
trust vs mistrust
69
when does trust occur for infants?
feeing & stimulation
70
when does mistrust occur for infants?
when gratification of needs are delayed
- x changing diaper
- x being fed
71
if infants are breastfed, what is increased?
biting
72
what stage of Piaget is happening with infants?
sensorimotor phase
73
what age is the use of reflexes (Piaget)?
birth - 1 month
74
what age is using primary circular reactions (Piaget)?
1-4 month
75
what age do infants use secondary circular reactions (piaget)?
4-8 months
76
when do they understand object permanence?
9 months
77
when do infants develop body image parallels with sensory motor development
8 -9 months
- boys will realize they have a penis & start to touch and pull it
78
what are the infants first perceptions of their body?
anesthetic & tactile experiences
79
when do infants start recognizing that they are distinct from their parents?
1 yo
80
what are some social developments in infants?
- attachment
- separation anxiety
- stranger fear
- language development
- play
81
what is stranger fear?
a neg. attachment of when something bad happens --> they associate it with that person & what they are wearing
82
how is an infant's temperament formed? When does this stop?
a close relation to how the family acts & environment & stops around 6-7 yo
83
how should child care arrangement happen?
only with parents
84
how should parents set limits & discipline
positive reinforcement
85
when should you start & stop using a pacifier?
start at 2-3 weeks old --> stop when breast feeding is established
86
what happens when infants are born with teeth?
it is normal --> clean it
87
what is the nutrition for an infant from birth to 6 months?
human milk or formula ONLY
- no water
- breastfeed for at least 1 first year of age
88
what is the nutrition for an infant for the second 6 months of life? 6 months - 1 yo
- introduce solid foods (rice & cereal)
- weaning from breast or bottle
89
how long should infants 3-4 months sleep in total?
9-11 hours
90
how long do infants 3-4 months sleep in chunks?
3 hours at a time
91
do formula fed or breastfed infants awake more often, and why?
breastfed infants
- breast milk does not make baby as full
92
when should infants get flouride?
6 months
93
what is the leading cause of ACCIDENTAL death?
car crashes
94
until what age should a child be in a car seat?
8 yo
95
what can cause hyperthermia in infants?
overdressing
96
how can you as the nurse prevent injury to the infant?
- ensure safety at home
- teach parents infant cpr
97
when should we worried about spitting up?
when it goes across the room
98
what is colic?
infant cries for a long time for no obvious reason
- can be from sudden abdominal pain
99
what is positional plagiocephaly?
back to sleep & front to play --> prevents flat head of infants
100
how can a cow's milk allergy develop into anaphylaxis?
if you keep exposing them to it
101
what is ALTE or BRUE
- apparent life threatening event
- brief resolved unexplained event
--> aborted/near miss SIDS or unexplained respiratory pause greater than or equal to 20 seconds
102
how do we give therapeutic management to ALTE?
- theophylline/caffeine --> helps infant breathe better
- family support & cpr training
103
what are risk factors for SIDS?
- smoking
- belly when sleeping
- items in crib
- co sleeping
104
how can we reduce risk of SIDS?
- back when sleeping
- clean crib
- NO SMOKING at all
- crib in the parents room for the first 6 months
- no overheating
