ch 33: preschool: 3-5 yo Flashcards
EXAM 1 content
what is the age of the preschool stage?
3-5 yo
what is the biggest life change for them?
going to school
what happens to a preschooler’s physical growth?
slows down & stabilizes
what is the rate of weight gain for a preschooler?
5 lbs per year
what is the rate of height growth for a preschooler?
2 1/2 - 3 inches per year
what is the body systems doing now?
they are mature & stabilized –> can adjust to stress & change
what gross motor skills can preschoolers do?
walking, running, climbing, & jumping
what fine motor skills can preschoolers do?
- refined hand-eye + muscle coordination
- skillful manipulation: dressing & drawing
what Erikson stage are preschoolers in?
initiative vs guilt
if a preschooler thinks of misbehaving, what feelings arise?
guilt, anxiety & fear
what are preschoolers learning in terms of moral development?
right from wrong
what type of readiness are preschoolers expected to have at 5-6 yo?
readiness for school & scholastic learning
what Piaget stage are preschoolers in?
Preoperational
what substages & ages are under preoperational that preschoolers experience?
- preconceptual: 2-4 yo
- intuitive thought: 4-7 yo
are preschoolers able to consider other view points?
yes!
how are preschoolers concept of causality?
starts to develop
how are preschoolers concept of time?
incompletely misunderstood
magical thinking is used a lot in preschoolers, what is that?
“superstitions” - belief that unrelated events are causally connected
- walking under a ladder brings misfortube
what Kohlberg stage are preschoolers in?
preconventional or premoral
what kind of moral judgement do preschoolers have?
punishment & obedience orientation, very concrete sense of justice & fairness
what is happening to their development of body image?
- increased comprehension of desirable appearances
- aware of race, difference in appearances, & biases
- poor defined body boundaries (if skin is broken –> insides leak out)
what is happening to their development of sexuality?
- attached to opposite sex parent
- identifies with same sex parent
- wants to dress up like parents
- sexual exploration increases
- asks questions about sex reproduction
what is happening to their social behavior?
- self dress
- wants to please
- has values and standards of family & culture
- challenges family’s code of conduct
what types of play will preschoolers do?
- parallel play
- imitative play
- imaginative play
- dramatic play
- mutual play
what is associative play?
children playing together but doing different things – group play with no rules
what is imitative play?
copying someone else
what is imaginative play?
aka pretend play – having imaginary playmates
what is dramatic play?
where children take on different roles and act out scenarios
when does masturbation start?
4 yo
what are some fears preschoolers have?
- dark
- being left alone
- animals
- ghosts
- sexual matters
- objects or people associated with pain
what are factors that increase aggressive behavior
- gender
- frustration
- modeling
- reinforcement
what age is the most critical time to develop speech?
2-4 yo (up to 5 yo)
what happens when preschoolers can not master speech & sensorimotor integration?
stuttering & stammering
what are some causes of speech problems?
- hearing loss
- developmental delay
- autism
- lack of stimulation
who are speech problems most common in?
boys
- genetic
how do we prevent speech problems?
- speak slow & breathe
- resist finishing their words & sentences
what should be the caloric requirements for preschoolers?
1400-1600 calories per day
what should be the fluid requirements for preschoolers?
100ml/kg
what age do preschoolers struggle to sit through an entire family meal?
3-4 yo
what should we remember about eating with preschoolers?
do not force them to clean plate–> can lead to overeating and obesity
how long should toddlers sleep?
12 hours
what is common during sleep?
sleep walking
how are their motor activity levels?
high
what sedentary activities should be limited?
TV & computer time
what should we as the nurse talk about for safety promotion & injury prevention?
- motor vehicle accidents
- falls
- street/parking lot safety
- bicycle helmets
- protective equipment
where does childcare now focus for the family?
from protection to education –> verbally talking about how to avoid danger
do preschoolers start to favor peers?
yes
what communicable diseases are common in childhood?
- erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
- roseola infantum
- scarlet fever
how is erythema infectiosum transmitted?
- respiratory secretions
- blood products
what are the s/s of erythema infectiosum?
- slapped red cheek look
- proximal –> distal spread
what is the treatment of erythema infectiosum?
- antipyretics
- analgesics
how is roseola infantum transmitted?
nasal/buccal/ conjunctival mucosa
what age does roseola infantum usually happen?
< 3 yo, peak @ 6 - 15 months
what is roseola’s incubation time?
5-10 days
how long does roseola last?
1-2 days
what are the s/s of roseola?
maculopapular rash on the trunk that spread distally
what is the treatment of roseola?
antipyretics
what is scarlet fever associated with?
strep
how is scarlet fever transmitted?
droplet, direct contact
how long is scarlet fever communicable?
10 days
how long is scarlet fever’s incubation?
10 days
what are the s/s of scarlet fever?
- high fever
- sore throat
- vomiting
- white tongue
- papery-lacey rash
how is scarlet fever treated?
- amoxicillin: for strep & rash
- antipyretics
- analgesics
- push fluids
- complete antibiotics
