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nurs 345: children > ch 33: preschool: 3-5 yo > Flashcards

ch 33: preschool: 3-5 yo Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the age of the preschool stage?

A

3-5 yo

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2
Q

what is the biggest life change for them?

A

going to school

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3
Q

what happens to a preschooler’s physical growth?

A

slows down & stabilizes

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4
Q

what is the rate of weight gain for a preschooler?

A

5 lbs per year

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5
Q

what is the rate of height growth for a preschooler?

A

2 1/2 - 3 inches per year

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6
Q

what is the body systems doing now?

A

they are mature & stabilized –> can adjust to stress & change

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7
Q

what gross motor skills can preschoolers do?

A

walking, running, climbing, & jumping

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8
Q

what fine motor skills can preschoolers do?

A
  • refined hand-eye + muscle coordination
  • skillful manipulation: dressing & drawing
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9
Q

what Erikson stage are preschoolers in?

A

initiative vs guilt

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10
Q

if a preschooler thinks of misbehaving, what feelings arise?

A

guilt, anxiety & fear

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11
Q

what are preschoolers learning in terms of moral development?

A

right from wrong

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12
Q

what type of readiness are preschoolers expected to have at 5-6 yo?

A

readiness for school & scholastic learning

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13
Q

what Piaget stage are preschoolers in?

A

Preoperational

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14
Q

what substages & ages are under preoperational that preschoolers experience?

A
  • preconceptual: 2-4 yo
  • intuitive thought: 4-7 yo
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15
Q

are preschoolers able to consider other view points?

A

yes!

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16
Q

how are preschoolers concept of causality?

A

starts to develop

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17
Q

how are preschoolers concept of time?

A

incompletely misunderstood

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18
Q

magical thinking is used a lot in preschoolers, what is that?

A

“superstitions” - belief that unrelated events are causally connected
- walking under a ladder brings misfortube

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19
Q

what Kohlberg stage are preschoolers in?

A

preconventional or premoral

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20
Q

what kind of moral judgement do preschoolers have?

A

punishment & obedience orientation, very concrete sense of justice & fairness

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21
Q

what is happening to their development of body image?

A
  • increased comprehension of desirable appearances
  • aware of race, difference in appearances, & biases
  • poor defined body boundaries (if skin is broken –> insides leak out)
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22
Q

what is happening to their development of sexuality?

A
  • attached to opposite sex parent
  • identifies with same sex parent
  • wants to dress up like parents
  • sexual exploration increases
  • asks questions about sex reproduction
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23
Q

what is happening to their social behavior?

A
  • self dress
  • wants to please
  • has values and standards of family & culture
  • challenges family’s code of conduct
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24
Q

what types of play will preschoolers do?

A
  • parallel play
  • imitative play
  • imaginative play
  • dramatic play
  • mutual play
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25
Q

what is associative play?

A

children playing together but doing different things – group play with no rules

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26
Q

what is imitative play?

A

copying someone else

27
Q

what is imaginative play?

A

aka pretend play – having imaginary playmates

28
Q

what is dramatic play?

A

where children take on different roles and act out scenarios

29
Q

when does masturbation start?

A

4 yo

30
Q

what are some fears preschoolers have?

A
  • dark
  • being left alone
  • animals
  • ghosts
  • sexual matters
  • objects or people associated with pain
31
Q

what are factors that increase aggressive behavior

A
  • gender
  • frustration
  • modeling
  • reinforcement
32
Q

what age is the most critical time to develop speech?

A

2-4 yo (up to 5 yo)

33
Q

what happens when preschoolers can not master speech & sensorimotor integration?

A

stuttering & stammering

34
Q

what are some causes of speech problems?

A
  • hearing loss
  • developmental delay
  • autism
  • lack of stimulation
35
Q

who are speech problems most common in?

A

boys
- genetic

36
Q

how do we prevent speech problems?

A
  • speak slow & breathe
  • resist finishing their words & sentences
37
Q

what should be the caloric requirements for preschoolers?

A

1400-1600 calories per day

38
Q

what should be the fluid requirements for preschoolers?

A

100ml/kg

39
Q

what age do preschoolers struggle to sit through an entire family meal?

A

3-4 yo

40
Q

what should we remember about eating with preschoolers?

A

do not force them to clean plate–> can lead to overeating and obesity

41
Q

how long should toddlers sleep?

A

12 hours

42
Q

what is common during sleep?

A

sleep walking

43
Q

how are their motor activity levels?

A

high

44
Q

what sedentary activities should be limited?

A

TV & computer time

45
Q

what should we as the nurse talk about for safety promotion & injury prevention?

A
  • motor vehicle accidents
  • falls
  • street/parking lot safety
  • bicycle helmets
  • protective equipment
46
Q

where does childcare now focus for the family?

A

from protection to education –> verbally talking about how to avoid danger

47
Q

do preschoolers start to favor peers?

A

yes

48
Q

what communicable diseases are common in childhood?

A
  • erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
  • roseola infantum
  • scarlet fever
49
Q

how is erythema infectiosum transmitted?

A
  • respiratory secretions
  • blood products
50
Q

what are the s/s of erythema infectiosum?

A
  • slapped red cheek look
  • proximal –> distal spread
51
Q

what is the treatment of erythema infectiosum?

A
  • antipyretics
  • analgesics
52
Q

how is roseola infantum transmitted?

A

nasal/buccal/ conjunctival mucosa

53
Q

what age does roseola infantum usually happen?

A

< 3 yo, peak @ 6 - 15 months

54
Q

what is roseola’s incubation time?

A

5-10 days

55
Q

how long does roseola last?

A

1-2 days

56
Q

what are the s/s of roseola?

A

maculopapular rash on the trunk that spread distally

57
Q

what is the treatment of roseola?

A

antipyretics

58
Q

what is scarlet fever associated with?

A

strep

59
Q

how is scarlet fever transmitted?

A

droplet, direct contact

60
Q

how long is scarlet fever communicable?

A

10 days

61
Q

how long is scarlet fever’s incubation?

A

10 days

62
Q

what are the s/s of scarlet fever?

A
  • high fever
  • sore throat
  • vomiting
  • white tongue
  • papery-lacey rash
63
Q

how is scarlet fever treated?

A
  • amoxicillin: for strep & rash
  • antipyretics
  • analgesics
  • push fluids
  • complete antibiotics

nurs 345: children (23 decks)

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