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nurs 345: children > ch 33: preschool: 3-5 yo > Flashcards

ch 33: preschool: 3-5 yo Flashcards

EXAM 1 content

1
Q

what is the age of the preschool stage?

A

3-5 yo

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2
Q

what is the biggest life change for them?

A

going to school

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3
Q

what happens to a preschooler’s physical growth?

A

slows down & stabilizes

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4
Q

what is the rate of weight gain for a preschooler?

A

5 lbs per year

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5
Q

what is the rate of height growth for a preschooler?

A

2 1/2 - 3 inches per year

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6
Q

what is the body systems doing now?

A

they are mature & stabilized –> can adjust to stress & change

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7
Q

what gross motor skills can preschoolers do?

A

walking, running, climbing, & jumping

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8
Q

what fine motor skills can preschoolers do?

A
  • refined hand-eye + muscle coordination
  • skillful manipulation: dressing & drawing
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9
Q

what Erikson stage are preschoolers in?

A

initiative vs guilt

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10
Q

if a preschooler thinks of misbehaving, what feelings arise?

A

guilt, anxiety & fear

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11
Q

what are preschoolers learning in terms of moral development?

A

right from wrong

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12
Q

what type of readiness are preschoolers expected to have at 5-6 yo?

A

readiness for school & scholastic learning

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13
Q

what Piaget stage are preschoolers in?

A

Preoperational

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14
Q

what substages & ages are under preoperational that preschoolers experience?

A
  • preconceptual: 2-4 yo
  • intuitive thought: 4-7 yo
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15
Q

are preschoolers able to consider other view points?

A

yes!

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16
Q

how are preschoolers concept of causality?

A

starts to develop

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17
Q

how are preschoolers concept of time?

A

incompletely misunderstood

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18
Q

magical thinking is used a lot in preschoolers, what is that?

A

“superstitions” - belief that unrelated events are causally connected
- walking under a ladder brings misfortube

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19
Q

what Kohlberg stage are preschoolers in?

A

preconventional or premoral

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20
Q

what kind of moral judgement do preschoolers have?

A

punishment & obedience orientation, very concrete sense of justice & fairness

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21
Q

what is happening to their development of body image?

A
  • increased comprehension of desirable appearances
  • aware of race, difference in appearances, & biases
  • poor defined body boundaries (if skin is broken –> insides leak out)
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22
Q

what is happening to their development of sexuality?

A
  • attached to opposite sex parent
  • identifies with same sex parent
  • wants to dress up like parents
  • sexual exploration increases
  • asks questions about sex reproduction
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23
Q

what is happening to their social behavior?

A
  • self dress
  • wants to please
  • has values and standards of family & culture
  • challenges family’s code of conduct
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24
Q

what types of play will preschoolers do?

A
  • parallel play
  • imitative play
  • imaginative play
  • dramatic play
  • mutual play
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25
what is associative play?
children playing together but doing different things -- group play with no rules
26
what is imitative play?
copying someone else
27
what is imaginative play?
aka pretend play -- having imaginary playmates
28
what is dramatic play?
where children take on different roles and act out scenarios
29
when does masturbation start?
4 yo
30
what are some fears preschoolers have?
- dark - being left alone - animals - ghosts - sexual matters - objects or people associated with pain
31
what are factors that increase aggressive behavior
- gender - frustration - modeling - reinforcement
32
what age is the most critical time to develop speech?
2-4 yo (up to 5 yo)
33
what happens when preschoolers can not master speech & sensorimotor integration?
stuttering & stammering
34
what are some causes of speech problems?
- hearing loss - developmental delay - autism - lack of stimulation
35
who are speech problems most common in?
boys - genetic
36
how do we prevent speech problems?
- speak slow & breathe - resist finishing their words & sentences
37
what should be the caloric requirements for preschoolers?
1400-1600 calories per day
38
what should be the fluid requirements for preschoolers?
100ml/kg
39
what age do preschoolers struggle to sit through an entire family meal?
3-4 yo
40
what should we remember about eating with preschoolers?
do not force them to clean plate--> can lead to overeating and obesity
41
how long should toddlers sleep?
12 hours
42
what is common during sleep?
sleep walking
43
how are their motor activity levels?
high
44
what sedentary activities should be limited?
TV & computer time
45
what should we as the nurse talk about for safety promotion & injury prevention?
- motor vehicle accidents - falls - street/parking lot safety - bicycle helmets - protective equipment
46
where does childcare now focus for the family?
from protection to education --> verbally talking about how to avoid danger
47
do preschoolers start to favor peers?
yes
48
what communicable diseases are common in childhood?
- erythema infectiosum (5th disease) - roseola infantum - scarlet fever
49
how is erythema infectiosum transmitted?
- respiratory secretions - blood products
50
what are the s/s of erythema infectiosum?
- slapped red cheek look - proximal --> distal spread
51
what is the treatment of erythema infectiosum?
- antipyretics - analgesics
52
how is roseola infantum transmitted?
nasal/buccal/ conjunctival mucosa
53
what age does roseola infantum usually happen?
< 3 yo, peak @ 6 - 15 months
54
what is roseola's incubation time?
5-10 days
55
how long does roseola last?
1-2 days
56
what are the s/s of roseola?
maculopapular rash on the trunk that spread distally
57
what is the treatment of roseola?
antipyretics
58
what is scarlet fever associated with?
strep
59
how is scarlet fever transmitted?
droplet, direct contact
60
how long is scarlet fever communicable?
10 days
61
how long is scarlet fever's incubation?
10 days
62
what are the s/s of scarlet fever?
- high fever - sore throat - vomiting - white tongue - papery-lacey rash
63
how is scarlet fever treated?
- amoxicillin: for strep & rash - antipyretics - analgesics - push fluids - complete antibiotics

nurs 345: children (23 decks)

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