Four Fish 2

Question 1

Oncorhynchus

Answer 1

Genus of the pacific salmon, different than the Salmo genus of the Atlantic Salmon.

“The Pacific species of salmon-the Kings, cohos, sockeyes, pinks, and chums of the separate scientific genus Oncorhynchus-are another story. thos fish migrate from Russian and Pacific Northwest rivers and use the Bering Sea as their Greenland and still reah the supermarket mostly from wild sources.

Question 2

monocultures

Answer 2

the cultivation of a single crop in a given area.

“These salmon [Fresh farmed Atlantic salmon fillets] are grown in monocultures as uniform and calculated as any animal feedlot and are the product of some of the earliest experiments in modern aquaculture.” (20)

Question 3

culture

Answer 3

the cultivation of bacteria, tissue cells, etc., in an artificial medium containing nutrients: the cells proliferate readily in culture .

Question 4

feedlot

Answer 4

an area or building where livestock are fed and fattened up.

Question 5

fjord

Answer 5

a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, as in Norway and Iceland, typically formed by submergence of a glaciated valley.

“The aquaculture companies operating in the frigid fjords of southern Chile now produce almost as much salmon per year as all the world’s wild salmon rivers combined.” (20)

Question 6

primeval

Answer 6

very old and ancient

“What is left of us now are the two last primeval salmon territories: the wilds of eastern Russia and the forty ninth American state of Alaska.” (20)

Question 7

ad hoc

Answer 7

made or done without planning because of a specific need.

” ‘ Why don’t you go take a look around town,’ Jac told me as he headed up the ad hoc staircase to his office.” (23)

Question 8

enigmatic

Answer 8

difficult to interpret or understand.

“the Mona Lisa’s enigmatic smile”

Question 9

milldam

Answer 9

a dam built across a stream to raise the level of the water so that it will turn the wheel of a water mill.

“Free-flowing water has been eliminated first by small milldams and later by large hydropower complexes.” (26)

Question 10

effluent

Answer 10

liquid (such as sewage or industrial chemicals) that is released as waste

“Clean, oxygenated water has been voided by agricultural runoff and industrial effluent..” (26)

Question 11

slack water

Answer 11

body of tidal water where there is no movement either way in the tidal stream, which occurs before the direction of the tidal stream reverses.

“There, in the Willamette River Basin, I took habitat inventory of tree cover, built current diverters to create slack water for salmon juveniles, and trudged up and down streams all day long with a lazy career fisheries bureaucrat who listed on his employee self-evaluation that his greatest fear in life was falling into a river and drowning.” (27)

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

deoxyribonucleic acid. the molecule that is the hereditary material in all living cells. DNA is a very large molecule, made up of smaller units called nucleotides that are strung together in a row, making a DNA molecule thousands of times longer than it is wide.

Question 13

Genes

Answer 13

Genes are made of DNA, and so is the genome itself. A gene consists of enough DNA to code for one protein

Question 14

genome

Answer 14

the sum total of an organism’s DNA.

“Each burst [of Salmon entering the Yukon delta] may be headed for a slightly different bit of the Yukon’s nearly two-thousand-mile- long watershed, and Fish and Game makes the argument that the more these sub-subpopulations survive and thrive, the richer the overall salmon genome is and the more adaptable and elastic the population will remain in the event of a crisis.” (29)

MD - G-nome picture

Question 15

nucleotide

Answer 15

molecules that what make up DNA and consist of three parts: a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a structure called a nitrogenous base.