foundation 2

Question 1

what are the 3 main parts of the brain?

Answer 1

forebrain
hindbrain
midbrain

Question 2

what does the forebrain consist of?

Answer 2

telencephalon (cerebrum) and diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)

Question 3

what does the hindbrain consist of?

Answer 3

pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

Question 4

what is the brainstem?

Answer 4

part of the brain that remains after the forebrain and cerebellum are removed-midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Question 5

what are the meninges the brain is surrounded by?

Answer 5

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 6

where is the CSF found?

Answer 6

surrounds the brain-found in subarachnoid space.

Question 7

what are the basic functions of the nervous system?

Answer 7

• sensory
• transmission of info
• integrative-processes info
• motor

Question 8

what are the 4 main tissue types?

Answer 8

epithelial
connective
nervous
muscle

Question 9

what is MLCK?

Answer 9

enzymes that phosphorylates myosin in smooth muscle.

Question 10

what is a syncytium?

Answer 10

single cell or cytoplasmic mass.

Question 11

what are the 4 ways cells communicate?

Answer 11

paracrine
endocrine
autocrine
synaptic (neurocrine)

Question 12

what is a hormone?

Answer 12

chemical messenger synthesised by specific tissues and secreted into the blood stream where it’s carried to and has an effect on non adjacent parts of the body.

Question 13

what is the adenohypophysis?

Answer 13

anterior pituitary

Question 14

what is the posterior pituitary sometimes called?

Answer 14

neurohypophysis

Question 15

what are the 3 steps of non steroid hormone action?

Answer 15

reception-binding to receptor
transduction-cause release of 2nd messengers (g proteins) or autophosphorylation and activation of relay proteins (tyrosine kinase receptors)

Question 16

what are factors that affect the rate of drug distribution in the body?

Answer 16

1) blood perfusion-blood volume flow through a given volume or mass of tissue -ml/ml/s or ml/100g/min. this represents local blood flow through capillary network +extracellular spaces in the tissue.
2) drug’s ability to cross membranes. so it can diffuse out of bloodstream, and into surrounding tissues + compts.

Question 17

what are the factors that affect the extent of drug distribution?

Answer 17

1) lipid solubility: higher=lower extent cos it moves into cells and accumulates in adipose tissue
2) plasma clearance
3) tissue binding-when drugs bind to specific tissues eg tetracyclines binding to bones and teeth

Question 18

are most drugs water soluble?

Answer 18

no-most of them are lipophilic-need to be metabolised to make them hydrophilic in order to to be excreted from the body in urine.

Question 19

how can metabolism alter drugs’ activities and some examples?

Answer 19

1) active to inactive (most common)
2) active to active-prolongs effect. eg 5% codeine turned into morphine.
3) inactive to active eg levodopa-dopamine

Question 20

what is IPE?

Answer 20

interprofessional education-students learning from all professions.