Fossil Quiz 3: Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define arthropod

A

all creatures with jointed legs and a tough outside skeleton (exoskeleton) made of chitin: insects, crabs and shrimp, spiders, centipeds, and millipeds

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2
Q

Define cephalopods

A

means “head-footed,” since their tentacles com out of their heads; the most complex of all the invertebrates are the squid and octopus in the mollusk class

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3
Q

Define diatoms

A

microscopic, one-celled plants whose walls are decorated with glass (SiO2) in exquisite patterns; mined and sold as diatomaceous earth, which is used in filtering and abrasion

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4
Q

Define echinoderms

A

meaning “spiny-skinned,” members of the starfish/star group usually have bony plates and spines embedded

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5
Q

Define gastropods

A

means “stomach-footed,” since they walk on their stomachs; mollusk class which snils belong

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6
Q

Define malacology

A

a branch of science devoted to the study of mollusk shells

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7
Q

Define nautiloids

A

fossils with tapered, chambered shells; some are coiled like modern nautilus, others are curved like bananas, and still others are straight, like ice cream cones

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8
Q

Define palynology

A

the branch of paleontology that studies microscopic spores and pollen of plants

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9
Q

What are the first animals fossilized in abundance? How does the complexity of these first fossils disprove evolution?

A

Trilobites; Evolution assumes that the earliest fossils, which are found in the lowest layers, would be the most primitive and least complex since they hadn’t yet evolved into more complex beings. However, since these fossils reveal complex creatures of design, they disprove the idea that non-complex beings changed into complex beings.

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10
Q

Over 95% of all fossils found are ___.

A

seashells

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11
Q

How do fossil clams testify to a rapid burial?

A

Many fossil clams are found with both sides of the shell still together. That means the clam must have been buried so deeply and so fast that it couldn’t even open its shell to burrow out.

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12
Q

What is perhaps the best mollusk evidence of creation and Flood geology?

A

Shell squids

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13
Q

What is the largest coral reef in the world?

A

Great Barrier Reef in Australia

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14
Q

Which layer of the geologic column is referred by evolutionists as the Age of Crinoids and Flood geologists as the Zone of Crinoids?

A

Mississippi River

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15
Q

How do the crinoid fossils found in central United States testify to the Flood?

A

They show that those areas were at one time completely covered by water.

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16
Q

Insect fossils are rare since their hard outer layer decomposes easily after death. However, insect fossils with delicate details have been found. How is this possible?

A

It is possible that the volcanic activity that accompanied the Flood released toxins into the water that prevented the decomposition of the insects. Silt and clay buried the insects and settled quickly in briefly quiet water, solidifying fast enough to prevent later currents from tearing apart the fragile specimens. Insects can also be preserved in detail in hardened pine sap (amber).

17
Q

How did the fossils of sea creatures end up on the top of mountains?

A

The turbulent Flood waters covered the entire earth, including the high hills (Genesis 7:19). Then the mountains rose, and the valleys sank down (Psalm 104:8). At the end of the Flood, God raised up the layers that were below the sea, lifting sea-creature fossils even to the tops of earth’s highest mountains.

18
Q

Define protozoan

A

one-celled shelled animals

19
Q

Define spicules

A

sponges that have hard skeletal structures of crystal-like spines