FOR THE TRULY BRAVE: Leukemia, Lymphoma, and PCD Integration Flashcards
1
Q
follicular small cleaved lymphoma affects which population
A
- middle-aged to elderly adults
2
Q
prognosis of high white blood count in ALL (good/bad)
A
- bad
3
Q
bone marrow aspirate for ALL
A
- large cells- open chromatin- prominent nucleoli
4
Q
70% of patients with MM present with
A
- bone pain
5
Q
follicular small cleaved lymphoma - patients present with
A
- high stage disease
6
Q
prognosis of abnormal(11q23) in ALL
A
- bad
7
Q
which is the most common adult leukemia
A
- CLL
8
Q
ALL is a malignancy of
A
- committed lymphoid progenitor cell- pre-T or pre-B
9
Q
curability of small lymphocytic lymphoma
A
- incurable
10
Q
liver or bone marrow involvement or extensive involvement of another extralymphatic organ is what stage
A
IV
11
Q
light chains expressed by flow cytometry of normal lymph nodes
A
- B cells express both kappa and lambda light chains
12
Q
small lymphocytic lymphoma is the essentially the same disease as
A
- CLL
13
Q
- which can manifest clinically over months to years
A
- CLL- CML
14
Q
intermediate grade lymphomas
A
- diffuse large cell lymphoma
15
Q
CD 1-8 is which cell?
A
- T cell
16
Q
mediastinal or soft tissue mass presents in which cell line
A
- T cell
17
Q
paracortical hyperplasia is the proliferation of
A
- T lymphocytes
18
Q
prognosis of hyperdiploidy in ALL (good/bad)
A
- good
19
Q
what kind of disorder is CML classified as
A
- myeloproliferative
20
Q
which is the most common cancer in children
A
- ALL
21
Q
prognosis of (4;11) in what condition?
What is the prognosis?
A
- ALL
- poor
22
Q
prognosis of >10 years of age in ALL (good/bad)
A
- bad
23
Q
follicular small cleaved lymphoma flow cytometry light chain
A
- light chain restricted
- only kappa or lambda
24
Q
Hodgkin lymphoma flow immunochemistry
A
- positive for CD30 and CD15
- negative for CD45
25
bone disease associated with abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow
- lytic lesions/pathologic features- hypercalcemia
26
small lymphocytic lymphoma affects what cell
- mature B cell
27
familial syndromes seen in what condition?
what are these syndromes?
- ALL
- down syndrome - neurofibromatosis - bloom syndrome - ataxia telangiectasia
28
deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7 in AML (good/bad)
- bad
29
Burkitt's lymphoma translocation
- t(8;14)
- t(2;8)
- t(8:22)
- c-myc
30
follicular small cleaved lymphoma translocation
- t(14;18)
- BCL2
FAUX LICK. IT'S A FAUX PAS FOR A 14 YEAR OLD TO LICK AN 18 YEAR OLD. SHIT, ITS PROBABLY ILLEGAL TOO. AND YOU KNOW WHAT COMES AFTER LICKING, 2 BASTARD CHILDREN (BCL2)
31
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma curability of low stage
- low stage can be cured
32
lymphoblastic lymphoma flow cytometry
- positive for CD4 and CD8
33
blast crisis can lead to
- AML- ALL
34
markers for ALL
- CD19- CD10- TdT- no surface light chain
35
prognosis of t(12;21) in ALL (good/bad)
- good
JUST THINK THAT 12;21 IS HAPPY NUMBER BECAUSE IT GOES THE SAME WAY FORWARDS AS BACKWARDS
36
stage 2 of Rai classification
- lymphocytosis- splenomegaly
37
which cell line of ALL has the worst prognosis
- T cell
38
case symptoms of Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia
- headache- blurred vision- hyperviscosity
39
AML is a malignancy of
- committed myeloid progenitor cell
40
which population is impacted by PCD
- adults
41
t(15;17) in cytogenetics with AML (good/bad)
- good
42
follicular hyperplasia is the proliferation of
- B lymphocytes
43
race most impacted by multiple myeloma
- African Americans
44
what condition is also common in CLL
- autoimmune hemolytic anemia
45
in ALL malignant cells lose
- ability to differentiate
46
CD 34 is which cell?
- stem cell
- blast cell
47
what test do you do after CML is identified?
- quantitative PCR for the bcr/abl transcript
48
clinical presentation of amyloidosis
- raccoon eyes- enlarged tongue- proteinuria
49
definition of leukemias
- neoplasms of hematopoietic cells
50
CLL is a malignancy of
- mature B cells
51
follicular hyperplasia example
- neck nodes in a patient with strep throat
52
follicular hyperplasia has a need for
- antibody production
53
Reed-Sternberg cell is what kind of cell
- activated B cell
54
bone marrow aspirate of CLL
- variable involvement- loss of heterogeneity
55
paracortical hyperplasia example
- neck nodes in patients with infectious mono
56
treatment of APL
- all-trans retinoic acid (ALTRA)- induction chemo
57
sinus histiocytosis example
- lymph nodes draining a carcinoma
58
stage 3 of Rai classification
- lymphocytosis- anemia
59
Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor of choice
- imatinib
60
lymphoblastic lymphoma affects which cell
- immature T cells expressing CD3
- coexpressing CD4 and CD8
- and TdT
61
median survival of stage 4
- 2 years
62
stage 0 of Rai classification
- lymphocytosis only
63
Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis based on
- finding Reed-sternberg cells
64
stage 1 of Rai classification
- lymphocytosis- lymphadenopathy
65
what is the median age of diagnosis of ALL
- 11
66
ALTRA moa
- differentiating agent
67
is AML curable
- yes
68
clinical manifestation of ALL
- tumor lysis syndrome- lymph node involvement- mediastinal mass- CNS involvement- testicular involvement in males
69
multiple myeloma malignant plasma cells interact with
- bone marrow microenvironment
70
which are composed of myeloid origin
- AML- CML
71
what is the most common cause of enlarged lymph nodes?
- benign reactive lymphadenopathy
72
which are composed of lymphoid origin
- ALL- CLL
73
median survival of stage 1
- 8 years
74
AML arising from history of MDS or myeloproliferative disorder (good/bad)
- bad
75
lymphoblastic lymphoma affects which population
- children
76
gender most impacted by multiple myeloma
- males
77
most non-hodgkin lymphoma is what type of cell
- B cells
78
forward scatter in flow cytometry separates based on
- size
79
steps of multiple myeloma
- MGUS -\> smoldering -\> myeloma
80
findings associated with abnormal immunoglobulins and other factors secreted by malignant plasma cells
- renal disease - rouleaux- amyloid- hyperviscosity- cryoglobulins- coagulation abnormalities CCRRAH
81
what are myeloma defining events
- hypercalcemia- renal disease- anemia- bone diseaseCRAB
82
non-hodgkin lymphoma risk factors
- age
- infections
- immune disorders
- toxins
83
median survival of stage 3
- 3 years
84
treatment for AML
- 7 days cytarabine- 3 days daunorubicin, idarubicin
85
age most impacted by multiple myeloma
- 65-70
86
bone marrow aspirate in CML
- hypercellular- increased M:E
87
which chromosome is the Philadelphia chromosome?
- t(9;22)- 22 BCR/ABL is Ph
88
Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia related to cancer?
- low grade lymphoma- involving bone marrow and spleen
89
sinus histiocytosis stimulation of
- antigen-presenting cells
90
follicular small cleaved lymphoma affects which cell
- mature B cell
91
clinical and pathology findings associated with multiple myeloma are a consequence of
- tumor mass effect of the malignant plasma cells - abnormal secretory products from the malignant plasma cells - monoclonal immunoglobulins and cytokines
92
follicular small cleaved lymphoma curability
- incurable
93
amyloidosis present with which stain?
- congo red staining of bone marrow biopsy
94
in AML, malignant cells lose
- the ability to differentiate
95
Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia associated with which immunoglobulin
- IgM
96
diagnosis test for Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia
- SPEP showing IgM monoclonal spike- serum viscosity
97
side scatter in flow cytometry separates based on
- complexity
98
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cytogenetic abnormalities? molecular abnormalities?
- no cytogenetic abnormalities
- abnormal Bcl-6
99
risk factors for multiple myeloma
- age- gender- race- family history- radiation exposure- chronic antigenic stimulation
100
bone marrow biopsy of AML
- monotonous population of mononuclear cells
101
what percent of CML patients are asymptomatic
- 20-40%
102
importance of malignant cells in chronic phase of CML
- maintain ability to differentiate
103
Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia more common in which gender
- men
104
which can manifest clinically over weeks to months
- AML- ALL
105
mantle cell lymphoma flow cytometry
- CD5 and CD19 positive
- CD10 and CD23 negative
MY BOY CORCH ROCKED NUMBER 5 FOR STATE AT 19 YEARS OLD. HE WOULD GO ON MY MANTLE ABOVE MJ AND HIS 10+ CHAMPIONSHIPS BECAUSE WE ARE STATE FANS.
106
CD 19 and early 20s are which cell?
- B cell
107
risk factors of most patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma
- most patients have no identifiable risk factors
108
diagnosis of multiple myeloma
- monoclonal plasma cells of \>10%AND- Myeloma Defining event
109
risk factors for ALL
- prior radiation- prior chemo- familial syndromes
110
prognosis of \<1 year of age in ALL (good/bad)
- bad
111
Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia is a disease of which population
- adults
112
CD 15 is which cell?
- granulocytic
113
median survival of stage 0
- \> 15 years
114
treatment of CLL
- not a curable diseases- treat only if symptoms present
115
risk of developing myeloma from MGUS
- 1% per year
116
CML tends to choose which pathway
- myeloid
117
petechiae are present in
- AML- ALL
118
median survival of stage 2
- 6 years
119
lymphatic involvement on both sides of the diaphragm is what stage?
III
120
lymph nodes in Hodgkin's lymphoma
- continuous lymph node group to contiguous lymph node group
121
t(9;22) in ALL
- bad but does not independently drive disease
122
CLL is an incidental lab finding in what percentage of cases
- 20%
123
ALL most commonly of which cell line
- B cell
124
B symptoms
- fever \> 38 degrees
- drenching night sweats
- weight loss \> 10% over 6 months
125
multiple myeloma is a tumor of
- plasma cells
126
risk of developing myeloma from smoldering
- 10% per year
127
what does MGUS stand for
- monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
128
prognosis of hypodiploidy in ALL (good/bad)
- bad
129
leukemias have what kind of involvement
- significant peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement
130
biomarkers for multiple myeloma
- extreme bone marrow clonal plasmacytosis- elevated free serum light chain level- more than one focal lesion on MRI
131
small lymphocytic lymphoma affects what population
- adults
132
bence jones protein
- kappa light chains in urine protein electrophoresis
133
Hodgkin lymphoma flow cytometry nor cytogenetics
- not diagnostic
134
Burkitt's lymphoma affects which cell
- mature B cell
135
Burkitt's lymphoma closely related to
- ALL FAB L3
136
result of the Philadelphia chromosome
- fusion protein with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity
137
median age of diagnosis for CLL
- 72
138
Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia cell morphology
- \>10% lymphoplasmacytic
139
best screening test for CML
- fish
140
Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia most symptoms caused by
- elevated IgM
141
prognosis of t(9;22) in ALL (good/bad)
- bad
142
single nodal region or a single extra nodal site is what stage
I
143
small lymphocytic lymphoma flow cytometry
- CD5 and CD23 present
- light chain restricted
144
what is the most frequent molecular abnormality in AML
- FLT3
145
paracortical hyperplasia has an increased need for
- cell-mediated immunityq
146
non-hodgkin lymphoma associated toxic chemicals
- pesticides- herbicides- benzenes
147
follicular small cleaved lymphoma grade
- low grade
148
two or more nodal regions of an extra nodal site on the same side of the diagraphragm is what stage
II
149
being older and being diagnosed with AML (good/bad)
- bad
150
labs for amyloidosis
- \< 10% clonal plasma cells in bone marrow- \<3% g/dl monoclonal protein
151
peripheral blood in CML
- numerous immature granulocytes- increased basophils
152
treatment related AML mostly due to
- radiation therapy- chemo
153
lab findings for CLL
- leukocytosis- lymphocytosis- hypogammaglobulinemia- smudge cells
154
most common type of non-hodgkin's lymphoma
- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
155
how do you distinguish A stage from B stage?
A stage is the absence of the B stage symptoms
156
low CD numbers are which cell?
- T cell
157
13q14 small lymphocytic lymphoma prognosis
- good
158
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma can be associated with
- immune dysfunctional
159
CD 33 is which cell?
- myeloid
160
PCD are diseases associated with
- monoclonal proliferation of immunoglobulin producing plasma cells
161
flow cytometry of normal lymph nodes
- mixture of B and T cells
- T cells express either CD4 or CD8
162
CD 13 is which cell?
- granulocyte
163
what genetic abnormality is most seen in APL
- t(15;17) PML/RARa
164
morphology of cells in ALL
- homogenous lymphoblasts
165
sinus histiocytosis expansion of
- subcapsular/medullary sinus
166
immunophenotyping
- identifying phenotype using fluorescently labelled antibodies
167
result of malignant plasma cells interacting with bone marrow microenvironment
- activation of osteoclasts- suppression of osteoblasts- leads to lytic bone disease
168
morphology of the cells in CLL
- homogenous mature lymphocytes- smudge cells on smear
169
mantle cell lymphoma occurs in which population
- middle aged to elderly adults
170
is multiple myeloma curable?
- no
171
sinus histiocytosis is proliferation of
- histiocytes
- tissue macrophages
172
Hodgkin lymphoma peak incidence
- 20s
173
what is the acute presentation of ALL in teens?
- mediastinal or soft tissue mass
174
treatment related AML (good/bad)
- bad
175
morphology of cells in AML
- homogenous myeloblasts- Auer rod
176
follicular hyperplasia enlargement of
- germinal center
- tangible-body macrophages
- increased mitotic activity
177
non-hodgkin lymphoma associated infections
- HIV
- EBV
- H.pylori
- Hep B and C
- HTLV-1
- HHV-8
178
pathogenesis of CML
- Philadelphia chromosome
179
Burkitt's lymphoma affects which population
- children
180
CML stands for
- chronic myelogenous leukemia
181
CD 14 is which cell?
- monocytic
182
what is an Aeur rod
- pink needle in the cell
183
Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by presence of
- Reed-sternberg cell
184
lab values for MGUS
- \< 3.0 g/dL serum monoclonal proteinAND- \< 10% monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow- no end organ damage
185
paracortical hyperplasia expansion of
- paracortical activity
- increased mitotic activity
- activated lymphocytes
186
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurs in which population
- children
- adults
187
smoldering myeloma labs
- \> 3.0 g/dL serum monoclonal proteinOR\> 10-60% bone marrow plasma cellsOR- urinary monoclonal proteinAND- no myeloma defining events
188
morphology of the cells in CML
- heterogenous
189
mantle cell lymphoma expresses high levels of
- cyclin D1
190
Hodgkin lymphoma smaller peak incidence
- \>50s
191
acute DIC and coagulopathy most commonly seen in
- APL
192
precursor protein in amyloidosis
- secreted in a soluble state- becomes insoluble at some tissue sites and compromises organ function
193
immunoglobulins most often found in MM
- IgG - IgA- light chains only
194
CLL stands for
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
195
mantle cell lymphoma translocation
- t(11;14)
- cyclin D1 gene
196
lymphoma pathology classification schemes
- working formulation
- WHO
197
follicular small cleaved lymphoma may progress to
- large cell lymphoma
198
light chains in amyloidosis
- lambda light chains
199
clonality of AML
- clonal expansion of myeloid blasts
200
Waldenstrom's macrogammaglobulinemia phenotype
- mature B cell
201
Amyloid light chain amyloidosis associated with
- multiple myeloma- abnormal light chains
202
trisomy 12 small lymphocytic lymphoma prognosis
- bad
203
high grade lymphomas
- burkitt's lymphoma
- lymphoblastic lymphoma
204
findings associated with abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow
- impaired hematopoiesis- hypogammaglobulinemia- bone disease- nerve root compression
205
leukemias are diagnosed according to
- prominent cell type involved- stage of maturation
206
lymphoblastic lymphoma presents with what symptom
- mediastinal mass
207
typical pattern on flow cytometry for CLL
- mature B cell phenotype with CD5 and CD23- light chain restricted
208
therapeutic options for CML
- Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors- allogenic stem cell transplantation
209
% of bone marrow blasts in AML
- \>20%
210
low grade lymphomas
- small lymphocytic lymphoma
- follicular small cleaved lymphoma
211
symptoms of smoldering multiple myeloma
- asymptomatic
212
common lab finding of CML
- leukocytosis- neutrophilia- basophilia- eosinophilia
213
stage 4 of Rai classification
- lymphocytosis- thrombocytopenia
