Food production Flashcards
Think about the things crop needs and control
How can greenhouses and polythene tunnes increase crop yield?
- Conditions are controlled and kept at optimum requirements for that crop such as artfical lighting and trapping heat from the sun
Think about biological catylists and plants needs
How does increased temperature increase crop yield?
- Allows the enzymes to work better (optimum temperature)
- Enzymes work more efficently and quicker in higher temperatures
- Enzymes are important in key growth processrd and photosynthesis
Think what plants use CO2 for
How does a continous supply of carbon dioxide increase crop yield?
- CO2 needed for photosyntheisis
- Photosynthesis is needed to provide energy for growth
- Without enough CO2 the rate of photosyntheisis would slow down
Think about the advantages and what is needed
How do fertillisers increase crop yield?
- Provide nurtients to the plant
- Nutrents is needed for growth to make crops large and gives a good yield
Think chmeical and biological
State 2 methods of pest control?
- Pesticide
- Biological control
Pesticides is a chemical used on crops to stop pests
Biological control is using a predetor to that pest
Think food chains and webs
What is biological control?
- Controlling plant pests
- Predotors to that pests is introduced to decrease teh number of pests
Think of ease
Give two advantages of pesticides?
- Cheap
- Quick and easy to use
Give three disadvantages of pesticedes?
- Can harm other species as they are not specfic to a certia pest
- Contaminate water
- Need to be applied more than once (reguarly)
Give three uses of yeast?
- Fermintation
- Baking
- Making biofuels
Think about respiration
How does yeast cause bread to rise?
- Breaks down the suagrs in anerobic respiration
- Produces carbon dioxide making the bread rise
What role od bacteria play in making yogurt?
- Ferment lactose in milk
- Making lactic acid
This is what gives yogurt its taste and texture
Describe how yogurt is made from milk
- Bacteria breaks the lactose in milk to lactic acid
- Lactic acid lowers the pH of the milk making the proteins (enzymes) denature
- The milk is turned into yogurt
The bacteria used is Lactobacillis
Lac..
What is the main bacteruim used in yogurt production?
Lactobacillis
Think lacto (like lactic acid)
Bac (back bone of the formation of yogurt)
It ends with illis
Think heating and prevention
What is pasteurisation and why is it used in milk production?
- Milk is heated for 15 seconds at 72c
- To kill microrgansims and prevent contamination
What temperature is milk incubated to make yogurt?
40-45c
What happens in to milk duirng the incubation process in yogurt process?
- Lactobacillis ferments lactose to lactic acid
- Making the milk sour and thick
Why is yogurt stirred and cooled after fermintation?
- To stop the action of lactobacillis bacteria
- To set the yogurts consistency
Eat with our eyes and stomach
What can be added to yogurt at the end before packging?
- Colouring
- Flavour
- Fruit
Name some food products made from made using microrgansims?
- Vinger
- Cheese
- Bread
- Yogurt
- Beer
- Food additives
Somthing big cul… mic
What is a fermenter used for?
- To make large culture of microorganisums
Pencili an dinsulin are often made in fermenters
Think basic nescetites
State five things that are needed to be controlled in an industrial fermenter.
- Temperature
- pH
- Nutrient levels
- Oxygen levels
- Contamination
Why is temperature controlled in a fermenter?
- Maintain high reaction rates
- Prevents enzyme denaturing
- Efficent microrgansim growth
What role does a pH probe play in a fermenter?
- Montoirs and adjusts the pH
- Maintans enzyme efficency
- High reaction rates
Think control and maintance
Give six methods used in fish farming?
- Good water quality
- Control of preditation
- Contrrol of disease
- Clearing waste
- Manging feeding
- Selective breeding
Think rubish and illness
How is water quality maintained in fishing areas?
- Waste is removed
- Pathogens are killed
What is the differenc ebetween intraspecfic and interspecific predatation in terms of fish?
- Interspecifc predation is when other species eat the fish
- Intraspecfic predation is when the fish of the same species eat one another
