Eukaryotic organisms

Question 1

Think of what they contain in their cells

What does eukaryotic orgaisms mean?

Answer 1

Cells that contain a nucelus with a distinct membrane

Can be single celled or multicellular organisums

Question 2

The ones that have a nucelus

What are the four organisum kingdoms that are eukaryotic?

Answer 2

• Animals
• Plants
• Fungi
• Protocitsts

All have a nuecleus so are eukaryotic

Question 3

Shares some similar features with plants and with fungi and procotsist 2

What are the main features of animals?

Answer 3

• Multicelular
• Nucelus with a distinct membrane
• DO NOT HAVE CELLOULOUS CELL WALLS
• DO NOT HAVE CHLOROPLAST (CANT photosyntheisis)
• Feed on organic substances made by other living things
• Store carbohydrates as glycogen
• Nervous coordination
• Can move from place to place

• DO NOT HAVE CELLOULOUS CELL WALLS
• DO NOT HAVE CHLOROPLAST (CANT PHOTOSYNTEHIS)

Question 4

What is found in a animal cell?

Answer 4

• Nucelus
• Ribosomos
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria
• Cell membrane

Each have a a role to do

Roles:
* Nucelus-containse gnetic material (DNA) which controls teh activites of the cell
* Ribsomos- located in the cytoplasm and are the place for protein syntheisis
* Cytoplasm-A gel like substance that consits of water and dissolved solutes, supports internal cell, place for alot of chmeical reactions includes anerobic respiration
* Mitchondria-Place for most of the reactions includes areobic respiration, hight rates of metoblism and have signifcantlly more mitchondria than cells with fewer reactions taking place
* Cell membrane-Holds teh cell togther keeps everything in place making sure that the inside of teh cell is seprate from the outside part of the cell, controls which substances enter and leave the cell

Question 5

Some features are similar to the other 3 organism kingdoms

What are the main features of plants?

Answer 5

• Multicellular
• Nucelues with a distinct membrane
• Chloroplast
• Feed by photosyntheisis
• Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose

Do not have a nervous coordination

Question 6

What is found in a plant cell?

Answer 6

• Nuclelus
• Ribsomos
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria
• Cell membrane
• Chloroplast
• Permenatnt vacuole
• Cell wall

The last three are additional to what the animal cells had

The nucelus, ribsomoms, cytoplasm, mitochondria and cell membrane have the same functions as animal cells.
* Chloroplast- contains green chlorphyll which absorb light energy and contain enzymes needed for photosyntheis
* Permenatnant vacoule- contains cell sap (a soloution of sugars and salts hwich are dissolved in water), storage for certain materials, helps support shape of the cell.
* Made of celloulouse (polymer of glucose) giving the cell extra support and helps keep the shape of teh cell.

Question 7

What are the main features of fungi?

Answer 7

• Usally multicelluéar but some are single celled organiums (yeast)
• Multicellular organisums are made up of thread like structures called hyphae which contain many nuclie and are orgnaisued into a network known as mycellium.
• Nucelus with a distinct membrane
• Cell walls are madup up of chitin (chitnious cell walls)
• Feed using spahotrophic nutrition where secrete digestive enzyems (sape) outside their body onto the food source, the digestive enzymes woul break down the down the food then the fungi is able to absorb the food.
• Some are parasytic so feed of living material
• Some store carbohydrates as glycogen

E.g.
* Moulds and mushrooms multicerlular
* Yeast is singled celled

Do not have contain chloroplast so can not photosynthisis and do not contain nervous coordination

Question 8

What is found in a fungi cell?

Answer 8

• Nucleus
• Ribsomos
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall containing chitin (chitinous cell walls)

A typical mueticellular fungi also contain:
* Mycellium
* Hyphae
* Spores and fruting body

Question 9

What are the main functions of protoctists?

Answer 9

• Diverse kngdom and dont really belong with any of the other eukaryotic kingdoms
• Mainly microscopic and single celled but some aggergate (group togther) into larger forms multicellular
• Nucelus with a distinct membrane
• Some have features making them more like animal cells e.g. Plasmodium (the protoctist that causes malaria)
• Some have chloroplast and cell walls
• Some photosyntheisis

Do not have nervous coordination

Basically protcotists vary some have similarties to animals others plants.
Exampls: amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium, Chlorella

Question 10

What is found in a protoctist cell?

Answer 10

• Nucelus
• Ribsomos
• Cytoplasm
• Ribsomos
• Cell membrane
• Contractrile vacoule
  some have:
• Food vacoules
• Chloroplast
• Cell wall

similar to what the others have