Flight Rules Flashcards
Describe IFR
Instrument Flight Rules
Electronic equipment based Navigation
GPS and Other equipment
Can still see out of the window
Describe VFR
Visual Flight Rules
Look out of the wndow
Use maps and charts to fix location
Keep out of cloud
Define Night
The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight
What does the choice of Flight Rules depend on?
Type of Airspace
Weather
Pilot Qualifications
What is VMC?
Visual Meteorological Conditions
What are the VMC minima at and above 10,000ft?
8km flight visibility
1500m horizontally and 300m vertically from cloud
What are the VMC minima below 10,000ft but above 3,000ft?
5km flight visibility
1500m horizontally and 300m vertically from cloud
What are the VMC minima at and below 3,000ft?
In Controlled Airspace
5km flight visibility
1500m horizontally and 300m vertically from cloud
By day in Uncontrolled Airspace
5km flight visibility
Clear of cloud and surface in sight
If 140kts or less and the probability of encounters with other traffic is low
1500m visibility
Clear of cloud and surface in sight
What are the VMC minima for helicopters below 3,000ft?
In uncontrolled airspace
1500m visibility
Clear of cloud and surface in sight
But 800m flight visibility if speed is such to allow see and avoid.
Less than 800m may be permitted for special cases such as medical and rescue.
When should VFR flights be refused at a controlled aerodrome?
When the reported meteorological conditions (METAR) are below
5km ground visibility
1500ft ceiling
Except when SVFR
When the ceiling is less than 1500ft and/or the ground visibility is less than 5km, what can VFR flights not do?
Take off or land at an aerodrome within a CTR
Enter the ATZ or aerodrome traffic circuit
Unless Special VFR
When is VFR at night permitted?
CAA Permission
Flight Plan when leaving vicinity
Radio Comms maintained with ATS when available
What are VMC at night?
As per day, except
Minimum cloud ceiling 1500ft
Minimum 5km Visibilty
Maintain continuous sight of surface when below 3000ft or 1000ft above terrain, whichever is higher
What are the minimum altitudes for night VFR?
Over high/mountainous terrain
2000ft above the highest obstacle within 8km
Elsewhere, 1000ft above the highest obstacle within 8km
What are the max height and max speed restrictions attached to VFR?
Unless authorised, VFR flights shall not operate above FL195 or at transonic or supersonic speeds
When must a pilot fly IFR?
Airspace is notified as Class A
Met conditions preclude VFR
How can a VFR flight change to IFR?
Submit a flight plan to the appropriate ATSU as soon as practicable and obtain a clearance prior to proceeding IFR when in controlled airspace.
If a flight plan was submitted, communicate the necessary changes to be effected.
How is an IFR flight plan cancelled?
Only at the request of a pilot
Define a Special VFR flight
SVFR is a VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone with met conditions below VMC
Can SVFR flights be conducted day and night?
Day only unless authorised by the competent authority.
What must the met conditions be for SVFR?
Clear of cloud and surface in sight
Flight visibility not less than 1500m or 800m for helicopters
Speed 140kt or less
Unless permitted by the CAA
With what met conditions must ATC refuse an SVFR clearance?
ATC must refuse SVFR when the met conditions are below:
Ground visibility 1500m or 800m for helicopters
Ceiling less than 600ft
Unless permitted by the CAA
Who is responsible for determining whether VMC meet VFR?
The pilot of an aircraft is responsible for determining whether or not the VMC permit VFR.
What are the westbound tracks available above FL400?
FL400
FL430
Then every 4000ft
