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System > Flight Controls > Flashcards

Flight Controls Flashcards

1
Q

In what consist the secondary flight control systems?

A

-Slat flap
-Multifunction spoiler, when used as ground spoiler or speedbrake
-Dedicated ground spoiler
NB. I multifunction spoiler used for roll purposes it’s part of primary control systems.

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2
Q

What is a PCU power control unit?

A

Simply it’s a hydraulic actuator.

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3
Q

Are aileron moved from the control wheel only by cable?

A

They are linked with mechanical cable but moved throw hydro-mechanical actuators.
All the other flight controls are fly by wire.

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4
Q

What are ACE and FCM? actuator control electronic and flight control module

A

They are used in flight control systems together or independently to move the respective electrohydraulic or electromechanical actuators.
The ACE unit connect the control column to the surface.

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5
Q

What happens when you keep pressed the AP/TRIM DISC BUTTON for more than 11”?

A

The PITCH TRIM FAIL Caution EICAS message is displayed when the AP/TRIM DISC Button is pressed for more than 11 s.

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6
Q

What happens to the AP TRIM DISC Button when the PITCH TRIM SYS 1 or 2 is pushed in?

A

When any of the Pitch Trim SYS CUTOUT Button is pushed in, the respective AP/TRIM DISC Button PITCH TRIM DISC function is unavailable.

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7
Q

Slat flap angle movement function of slat flap lever

A
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8
Q

What happens when you push in PITCH TRIM SYS 1-2 CUT OUT Button?

A

disables the HS-ACE channel 1 (2) and the PITCH TRIM DISC function in the LH (RH) AP/ TRIM DISC Button.
HS ACE Horizontal Stabilizer Actuator Control Electronics

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9
Q

What happens when you push in a flight controls mode button?

A

It reverts to direct mode

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10
Q

What means position A?

A

RETRACTED

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11
Q

What position B means?

A

DEPLOYED.
A white dashed box is shown only for surface position greater than 50% of its deflection.

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12
Q

What does position C means?

A

FAILED RETRACTED

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13
Q

What does position D means?

A

FAILED DEPLOYED

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14
Q

What does position E means?

A

NOT AVAILABLE WITH NO FAIL INDICATION
A single dashed white box for surface with one direction of movement (spoilers); two boxes for surface with two direction of movements (aileron)

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15
Q

What does position F means?

A

NOT AVAILABLE WITH FAILURE INDICATION

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16
Q

What does position G means?

A

DIRECT MODE
The white box is shown only for position greater than 50% surface deflection.

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17
Q

What does position H means?

A

FULL DEPLOYED

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18
Q

How many actuators has the rudder?

A

Two, one upper one lower

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19
Q

How many actuators does the elevator have?

A

Two for the LH and two for the RH.
Inboard and outboard

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20
Q

What is number 7?

A

Time remaining in hours for the expiring of the PBIT.

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21
Q

How are the flight control mode indicated on the synoptic page?

A

Number 3 and below

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22
Q

In case slat flap stops in an intermediate position, what is the indication and at what maximum altitude can you fly?

A

It will show the most retracted position (stuck between 2-3 will show 2).
Respect the maximum 20000 ft if flying with flaps extended.

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23
Q

How is a flap fail indicated on the EICAS?

A
24
Q

How is the steep approach indicated on the EICAS?

A
25
Q

What composes the embraer fly by wire?

A

3 P-ACE
2 Slat Flap Ace
1 HS ACE
3 Spoiler ACE
4 FCM

26
Q

What do the P-ACE do and where are they located?

A

They controls rudder and elevator surfaces.
Each P-ACE has two channels, one active one stand by.
Two are installed in fwd electronic bay and one in aft electronic bay.

27
Q

What do Slat Flap ACE do and where are they?

A

They are two, Located in the aft electronic bay, each of them has one channel for slat and one channel for flap.

28
Q

HS ACE where is and what about its channels?

A

Aft electronic bay.
One channel active the other stand by, they changes daily. As one channel is operative manual and automatic trim is available.

29
Q

Where does Spoiler ACE resides?

A

It resides within the FCM, each FCM controls one pair of multifunction spoilers, apart from FCM2.

30
Q

How does the normal mode works?

A

The FCM is active and provides software based speed gain schedule and and control loop to the P-ACE, and other high level function.

31
Q

What happens in direct mode?

A

The FCM is removed from the loop and the controls are limited to values hardware based in the P-ACE.

32
Q

What happens to the fly by wire in the remote case neither normal or emergency electrical power is available?

A

There is a battery that guarantees 15’ FBW operation to rudder and elevator

33
Q

What if an elevator actuator jams?

A

The surface will remain blocked in that position, the pilot will be able to control the aircraft with the other surfaces of the elevator.

34
Q

ETC elevator thrust compensation function, a quanto è limitata la correzione in pitch?

A

+- 5 gradi

35
Q

Tail Strike Avoidance system, how does it work in take off and in landing?

A

For TO it is working until 20 ft above ground estimated via the vertical speed. It will pitch down not beyond 8° elevator deflection, and in case of negative pitch rate the maximum elevator deflection will be limited to 0°.

36
Q

Tail Strike Avoidance system, how does it work in landing?

A

It will be enabled for estimated altitudes via the two RA below 70 ft, with flap 5 or full.
The maximum pitch down will be limited to 8° elevator deflection, and the maximum nose up is limited as per normal fly by wire functionalities.
It also has GA function, that works as per take off but for HAGL (height above ground level) calculation is the same for landing. It change from landing to GA when TOGA is pressed (TLA>70°) and and positive rate or climb.
For landing and go around with flap 5, TSA function will be enabled after 5 minutes from take off.

37
Q

To how much should be limited the pitch angle to avoid tail strike?

A

Pitch angle should be maintained below 10° to ensure clearance.

38
Q

AFU, Artificial Feel Unit, is it still working if we disconnect the control columns?

A

Yes, on the non jammed column, but the force will be reduced to a half of the normal load, this is true for the elevator control, for the roll control is a different story.

39
Q

Jammed control column and jammed control wheel are two different type of issues, why?

A

Jammed control column (pitch), the jammed part is in the control column, disconnecting the handle will permit to control only the functioning control column on side elevator (left or right).
Jammed control wheel, the jammed part is one of the aileron, so the problem is at the surface. In this case the captain control left aileron and FO control right aileron, when you disconnect the handle, you’ll have only one aileron (Captain will have left, FO will have right), and a pair of multifunction spoiler, so lateral control will still be available.

40
Q

How many actuators does the rudder have?

A

It has two actuators, each one capable of moving the rudder, they work in an active standby configuration. The FO commands the lower actuator and the Captain’s commands the upper.

41
Q

What happens if rudder pedals jam?

A

Rudder control is still active via high level function, yaw dumping and turn coordination.

42
Q

What happens if rudder PCUs jam?

A

The rudder will be hydraulically locked, control will be established via aileron and multifunction spoilers.

43
Q

What happens in case of a jam in one of the four PCU (actuator) of the elevator?

A

The onside elevator will remain blocked, the other side surface will continue to operate normally.

44
Q

How many PCUS for the ailerons?

A

The system has 4 PCU, 2 inboard (L&R) and 2 outboard (L&R).
If one of the PCU disconnect from the surface or wing structure, the other PCU will continue to operate, but the force authority will be halved.

45
Q

How many slats and how many flaps? What is the priority of movement?

A

8 slat surfaces, 4 flap surfaces. Dry ring extension the slats move first and during retraction the flaps move first.

46
Q

Flaps and slat are hydraulically or electrically actuated?

A

Electrically via PDU Power Driver Units

47
Q

How many SF-ACE are there in system?

A

They are controlled by two SF-ACE each one has two channel, one for slat one for flap.

48
Q

Which type of flap is mounted on the aircraft? How many actuators per side are there?

A

They are double slotted fowler type. There are 4 PDU per side for flap movement

49
Q

What is skew protection?

A

When a differential movement between neighbouring panels of flap (or slat) that exceeds the limits it’s sensed, the SF-ACE shuts down the entire flap (or slat) system, and FLAP FAIL or SLAT FAIL message is displayed on EICAS.
It could appear also the message SLAT-FLAP LEVER DISAGREE in case a surface has not reached the selected position, the affected surface will be inoperative for the reminder of the flight.

50
Q

What is STRIKE protection in flap/slat?

A

If an excessive load on a PDU is sensed, the SF-ACE will de energise the respective PDU for further movement.
The FLAP (SLAT) FAIL message will appear together with SLAT FLAP LEVER POS DISAG.
In this case you can instead, move the surface in the opposite direction.
Once returned in the previous position, you can try 2 more time to brink the surface in the wanted position. If it fails, the PDU will be de energised for both directions.

51
Q

In case of electrical emergency what does the SF-ACE SYSTEM do, in regard to the configuration?

A

First of all the slatflap operate in half speed.
The SF-ACE limits the extension of flap slat beyond position 3, to guarantee a minimum speed for the RAT.

52
Q

Does the system have any protection in regard to SLAT FLAP FAIL and the configuration?

A

Yea it prevents configuration that would would give poor airplane controllability.
Thus the system does not command flaps beyond 10 with slat below 15.

53
Q

Which are the ground spoiler and which the multifunction

A

RL1-2 Ground Spoiler
RL3-4-5 Multifunction

54
Q

Are speedbrake available in the direct mode?

A

No, they are not.

55
Q

Beyond which flap setting and speed you cannot have the speedbrake out?

A

If extended during approach, the speed brakes will automatically retract upon selection of slat/flap 2 or above.
Speed brakes will not be deployed if airspeed is below 180 KIAS, and will also automatically retract if airspeed decreases below this threshold.

56
Q

Spoilers deployment at touchdown.

A

System (14 decks)

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