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BACTERIOLOGY - LEC > FINALS L3 > Flashcards

FINALS L3 Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium Morphology

A

endospore forming large gram positive bacillus

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2
Q

we acquired dxs from clostridium through what?

A

through the inoculation of the bacilli spores

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3
Q

Clostridium welchii

A

Clostridium perfringens

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4
Q

Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus

A

Clostridium perfringens

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5
Q

Gas gangrene bacillus

A

Clostridium perfringens

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6
Q

Do not produce spores in ordinary media

A

Clostridium perfringens

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7
Q

presence of terminal spores which gives its
TACK HEAD OR DRUMSTICK OR LOLLIPOP OR TENNIS RACKET APPEARANCE

A

Clostridium tetani

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8
Q

(Clostridium)
All are motile except ____

A

Clostridium perfringens

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9
Q

Primary isolation used for Clostridium

A

Nonselective
Selective
Liquid media

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10
Q

C. perfringens produces ____ in nonselective supplemented anaerobic blood agar

A

a classic DOUBLE ZONE OF HEMOLYSIS (beta hemolysis surrounded by alpha hemolysis)

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11
Q

(Clostridium)
Nonselective, differential medium

A

Egg yolk agar

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12
Q

(Clostridium)
allows differentiation based on

A

Lecithinase (white precipitate)
Lipase (sheen around surface of colonies)
Protease production (clearing)

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13
Q

canned good bacillus

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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14
Q

agent of canned good bacillus botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

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15
Q

(Clostridium Botulinum)
Types of toxins

A

A - most common/ potent
B
E
F
G

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16
Q

(Clostridium botulinum)
Toxins block the release of ____

A

acetylcholine

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17
Q

causes flaccid paralysis

A

Clostridium botulinum

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18
Q

Clostridium botulinum
MOT

A

INGESTION of food containing the microorganism and its spores

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19
Q

(c. botulinum)
symptoms

A

visual disturbances
inability to swallow
speech difficulties
bulbar paralysis (ptosis)

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20
Q

may cause Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

A

Clostridium botulinum

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21
Q

organism germinates in the wound abcess

A

wound botulism

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22
Q

Triad of botulism

A
  1. symmetric descending flaccid paralysis
  2. absence of fever
  3. intact sensorium
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23
Q

Clostridium botulinum
DIAGNOSIS
ADULT:
INFANT:

A

demonstration of toxin by passive hemagglutinaton or radioimmunoassay

ADULT: serum and left-over food
INFANT: stool

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24
Q

tack head bacillus

A

Clostridium tetani

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25
Q

Clostridium tetani
VIRULENCE FACTOR

A

Spores - germinate anaerobically, terminally located

Glysine and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) - inhibits muscle contraction

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26
Q

Clostridium tetani causes lock jaw. What’s the characteristic?

A

risus sardonicus or distorted grin

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27
Q

other name of lock jaw

A

trismus

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28
Q

arching of the back

A

ophisthotonus

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29
Q

Clostridium tetani incubation period

A

4-5 days up to weeks

30
Q

Exotoxins that Clostridium tetani produces

A

Hemolysin
Tetanospasmin

31
Q

can travel to the CNS
humorally through blood and lymph, or
neurally through tissue spaces of the
peripheral nerves. Leads to lock jaw and
opisthotonus

A

Tetanospasmin

32
Q

anaerobic, large gram-positive, spore-forming rods

A

CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS

33
Q

Does not form spore in ordinary media

A

Clostridium perfringens

34
Q

Produces invasive infection including myonecrosis
and gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens

35
Q

C. perfringens produces an enterotoxin which is a common cause of

A

Food poisoning

36
Q

C. Perfringens in BAP

A

Double zone of hemolysis around colonies

37
Q

(C. perfringens)
T or F
growth on egg-yolk agar

A

T

38
Q

(C. perfringens)
nonmotile but with rapidly spreading growth on ____
media

A

culture

39
Q

C. perfringens
VIRULENCE FACTOR

A

●Lecithinase - white precipitate in egg yolk agar
● Alpha toxin
● Delta/Theta toxin
○Theta toxin- complete hemolysis
○ Alpha toxin- incomplete hemolysis

40
Q

Localized edema and erythema with gas
formation in soft tissue, and generally not
painful

A

CELLULITIS

41
Q

Accumulation of pus in muscle planes
without muscle necrosis or systemic
symptoms

A

SUPPURATIVE MYOSITIS

42
Q

Infection spreads 1-3 days to produce
crepitation in the subcutaneous tissue and muscle

●Foul-smelling discharge, rapidly progressing
necrosis and fever
● Toxemia, shock and ultimately death.

A

MYONECROSIS

43
Q

● This usually follows the ingestion of large
numbers of clostridia that have grown in
warmed meat dishes
● Self-limiting but produces Diarrhea without
vomiting and fever
● Lasts only 1-2 days

A

FOOD POISONING

44
Q

Acute necrotizing destruction of the jejunum
with abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody
diarrhea and peritonitis

A

NECROTIZING ENTERITIS

45
Q

C. perfringens
SPECIMEN

A

material from wounds, pus and tissue

46
Q

C perfringens
Special stain
(appearance niya ata to)

A

gram-positive rod with spores

47
Q

C perfringens
Growth on BAP:

A

double zone of hemolysis

48
Q

C. perfringens
Reverse CAMP test:

A

+

49
Q

C. perfringens
Lecithinase

A

+

50
Q

C. perfringens
SPECIAL STAIN

A

Schaeffer-Fulton

51
Q

Anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rods

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

52
Q

C. difficile
Exotoxin in stool detected by ____ on cultured
cells or ELISA

A

cytopathic effect

53
Q

Toxins of C. difficile

A

Toxin A
Toxin B

54
Q

potent enterotoxin, cytotoxic activity, binds to
the brush borders of the GUT at the receptor site

A

Toxin A

55
Q

potent cytotoxin

A

Toxin B

56
Q

C. perfringens
MOT

A

Fecal- oral route

57
Q

C. difficile
clin. manifestations

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

58
Q

C. difficile in culture medium

A

white colonies with distinctive
horse-stable odor

59
Q

C. difficile in CCFA

A

yellow, groundglass
appearing colonies

60
Q

Other Clostridium

A

Clostridium tertium : wound infections
Clostridium septicum : nontraumatic myonecrosis in
immunocompromised patients
Clostridium sordelii : toxic shock syndrome associated
with septic abortion

61
Q

Small, gram positive, aerobic to microaerophilic
coccobacilli that are non acid fast and non spore
formers
● Facultative anaerobe

A

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

62
Q

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
motile on broth

A

Tumbling motility

63
Q

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
appearance on semi-solid media

A

umbrella-like☂️ or inverted Christmas tree

64
Q

Can Listeria Monocytogenes grow at 4°C and in high salt concentration (cold enrichment)?
Yes or No

A

Yes

65
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
MOT

A

food ingestion contaminated with the organism;
transplacental (mother-child)

66
Q

Listeria 2 known specie:
human:
animals:

A

L. monocytogenes
L. ivanovii

67
Q

LISTERIA

Grow best at
Slow growth at
Poor growth at

A

25-35°C
4°C
42°C

68
Q

LISTERIA
Virulence Factors

A

● Internalin (A and B) : interacts with E-cadherin on the
surface of cells
● Listeriolysin O (LLO) : oxygen labile; escape from
phagosomes
● Actin rockets (actin polymers) : propels the bacteria
through the membrane of one human cell and into
another

69
Q

Virulence test in L. monocytogenes

A

Anton’s Test or Ocular test of Anton

70
Q

(L. monocytogenes)
Clin. Manifestation

A

NEONATAL DISEASE
DXS IN HEALTHY ADULTS
LISTERIOSIS

71
Q

Early onset of neonatal dx

A

Granulomatosis infantiseptum

72
Q

Late onset of neonatal dx

A

Acquired in utero dissemination meningitis

BACTERIOLOGY - LEC (19 decks)

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