C8.3 - Endotoxins and Exotoxins Table Flashcards
Botulism - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Clostridium botulinum / A-B
Tetanus - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Clostridium tetani / A-B
Diphtheria - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Corynebacterium diphtheriae / A-B
Scalded skin syndrome - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Staphylococcus aureus / A-B
Cholera - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Vibrio cholerae / A-B
Traveler’s diarrhea - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Shigella spp. / A-B
Anthrax - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Bacillus anthracis / A-B
Botulism - Mechanism
Neurotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve impulses → flaccid paralysis
Tetanus - Mechanism
Neurotoxin blocks nerve impulses to muscle relaxation pathway → spastic paralysis
Diphtheria - Mechanism
Cytotoxin inhibits protein synthesis (esp. in nerve, heart, and kidney cells)
Scalded skin syndrome - Mechanism
Causes skin layers to separate and slough off (scalded skin)
Cholera - Mechanism
Enterotoxin causes secretion of large amounts of fluids and electrolytes that result in diarrhea
Anthrax - Mechanism
Two A components enter the cell via the same B. The A protein causes shock and reduce the immune response.
Traveler’s diarrhea - Mechanism
Enterotoxin causes secretion of large amounts of fluids and electrolytes that result in diarrhea
Gas gangrene and food poisoning - Mechanism
One exotoxin (cytotoxin) causes massive RBC destruction (hemolysis); another exotoxin
(enterotoxin) is related to food poisoning and causes diarrhea
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea - Mechanism
Enterotoxin causes secretion of fluids and
electrolytes that results in diarrhea; cytotoxin disrupts host cytoskeleton
Food poisoning - Mechanism
Enterotoxin causes secretion of fluids and
electrolytes that results in diarrhea
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) - Mechanism
Toxin causes secretion of fluids and electrolytes from capillaries that decreases
blood volume and lowers blood pressure
Gas gangrene and food poisoning - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Clostridium perfringens and other species of Clostridium / Membrane-disrupting
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea - Bacterium and Type of Exotoxin
Clostridium difficile / Membrane-disrupting