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BACTERIOLOGY - LEC > C2 - Taxonomy > Flashcards

C2 - Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

area of biologic science comprising three distinct but highly interrelated disciplines

A

Taxonomy

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2
Q

What are the three distinct but highly interrelated disciplines associated with taxonomy?

A
  • Classification
  • nomenclature
  • identification of organisms
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3
Q

→ orderly classification and grouping of organisms into taxa (categories)
→based on similarities and differences in genotype and phenotype

A

Taxonomy

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4
Q

laid down the basic rules for taxonomic categories

A

Carl von Linne

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5
Q

it is the method for organizing microorganisms into groups or taxa based on similar morphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits

A

classification

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6
Q

(classification) Bacteria and Archaebacteria

A

Domain

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7
Q

(classification) contains similar divisions or phyla

A

Kingdom

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8
Q

(classification) contains similar classes; equivalent to the Division taxa

A

Phylum

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9
Q

(classification) contains similar orders

A

Class

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10
Q

(classification) contains similar families

A

Order

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11
Q

(classification) contains similar genera

A

Family

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12
Q

(classification) contains similar species based on various genetic and phenotypic characteristics shared among the species

A

Genus

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13
Q

(classification) specific epithet; most basic of the taxonomic groups and can be defined as a collection of bacterial strains that share common physiologic and genetic features and differ notably from other microbial species

A

Species

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14
Q

(classification) taxonomic subgroups within a species

A

Subspecies

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15
Q

(classification) considered the same species with the same characteristic genetic makeup that displays differential physiologic characteristics

A

Biotype

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16
Q

(classification) based on serologic differences

A

Serotype

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17
Q

Species definitions are distinguished using:

A

DNA profiling, 16S rRNA sequence in combination with phenotypic traits

18
Q

naming of microorganisms according to established rules and guidelines set forth in the:

A

International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria/ Bacteriological Code

19
Q

→ Process by which a microorganism’s key features are delineated
→ Process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms so that they may be placed in an overall taxonomic scheme

A

identification

20
Q

(characteristics) relate to an organism’s genetic makeup, including the nature of the organism’s genes and constituent nucleic acids

A

genotypic characteristics

21
Q

(characteristics) example of genotypic method for measuring the degree of relatedness between two microorganisms

A

DNA RNA base sequencing, DNA base composition ratio

22
Q

(characteristics) based on features beyond the genetic level and include both readily observable characteristics and characteristics that may require extensive analytic procedures to be detected

A

phenotypic characteristics

23
Q

examples of phenotypic characteristics

A

macroscopic and microscopic morphology, staining characteristics, nutritional requirements, physiologic and biochemical characteristics, antibiotic/chemical susceptibility or resistance

24
Q

(phenotypic characteristics) colony morphology on media

A

macroscopic

25
Q

(phenotypic characteristics) size, shape, arrangement into groups or chains of organisms

A

microscopic

26
Q

(phenotypic characteristics) gram-positive or gram-negative

A

staining characteristics

27
Q

(phenotypic characteristics) ability of an organism to grow at various temperatures, i the presence of oxygen and other gases, at various pH levels, or in the presence of other ions and salts

A

environmental requirements

28
Q

(phenotypic characteristics) ability of an organism to utilize various carbon and nitrogen sources as nutritional substrates when grown under specific environmental conditions

A

nutritional requirements

29
Q

(phenotypic characteristics) exhibition of a characteristic inherent resistance to specific antibiotics, heavy metals, or toxins

A

resistance profiles

30
Q

(phenotypic characteristics) establishment of profile of microorganisms by various serologic and immunologic methods

A

antigenic properties

31
Q

(phenotypic characteristics) establishment of the molecular constituents if the cell that are typical of a particular taxon

A

subcellular properties

32
Q

Major Characteristics Used in Taxonomy

A

classical, molecular characteristics

33
Q

Major Characteristics Used in Taxonomy that is useful in routine identification of phylogenetic information

A

classical characteristics

34
Q

Major Characteristics Used in Taxonomy Based on the study of nucleic acid composition and proteins

A

molecular characteristics

35
Q

Organisms fall into three distinct groups based on type of cell organization and function:

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

36
Q

closely related to eukaryotic cells than to prokaryotic cells; found in microorganisms that grow under extreme environmental conditions

A

archaebacteria

37
Q

archaebacteria cell walls lack peptidoglycan but they mostly contain a protein or glycoprotein wall structure called:

A

S-layer

38
Q

types of reproduction by archaebacteria

A

binary fission, fragmentation, budding

39
Q

examples of archaebacteria produce through binary fission, fragmentation or budding

A

Methanospirillum, Halobacterium, Sulfolobus

40
Q

→can stain gram-positive and gram-negative
→Cellular structure include the cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes and flagella
→Do not contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

A

Archaea (Archaeobacteria)

41
Q

Diagnostic microbiologists traditionally emphasize placement and naming of bacterial species into three (occasionally four or five) categories:

A

✓the family
✓a genus
✓a species

BACTERIOLOGY - LEC (13 decks)

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