Final: Urinary and Reproductive Flashcards
Symptoms of UTIs
- urge to urinate
- burning sensation
- frequent, small amounts of urine
- cloudy urine OR bright pink or “cola colored”
- strong smelling
Pain caused by UTI’s
Women: pelvic
Men: rectal
Top Pathogens causing UTIs
- Escherichia coli (80-85%)
- Staphylococcus saprophytic (5-10%)
- Proteus Mirabilis– only cause UTIs but not frequently
UTIs often _________bacteria into the urethra and are more common in ______ and spread easily by _____ in a nosocomial environment
self-inoculate fecal; women; urinary catheters cause nosocomial infection
Leptospirosis is spread via
urine contaminated water (common in dogs)
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis symtpoms
sudden appearance of edema, hematuria, proteinuria and hypertension and irreversible kidney damage
APSGN pathogen
streptococcus pyogenes
APSCN occurs
10-14 days after a strep infection
Leptospirosis pathogen
leptospirosis interrogans
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome symptoms
sudden onset of extremely low BP, confusion, severe red rash, loss of sheets of skin. Can cause shock and be fatal
Pathogen of STSS
Staphylococcus aureus
STSS can be caused by a
TSS toxin growing in a wound (men can get) or in an abraded vagina
People most at risk of STSS
menstruating females
-avoid super-absorbent tampons
STSS is considered a
medical emergency
Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
white vaginal discharge and a “fishy” odor
Pathogen causing BV
various anaerobic bacterias
BV can be associated with
multiple sexual partners (NOT AN STI) and vaginal douching because they both change the pH of the vagina
Vaginal yeast infection AKA
fungal vaginitis, candidiasis
Symptoms of a Vaginal yeast infection
severe vaginal itching and burning, odor-free, cottage cheese appearance (vaginal discharge)
Pathogen causing vaginal yeast infection
most commonly: candida albicans
Candida overgrowths occur when
vaginal pH or microbiota changes
STIs are a _______worldwide occurs
common
______ are at a higher risk of getting an STI
females
Prevention of STIs
abstinence, mutual monogamy, safe sex practices
Gonorrhea AKA
the clap
Gonorrhea in men
painful urination and pus-filled discharge called urethritis
Gonorrhea in women
often asymptomatic (50-80%) but can trigger pelvic inflammatory response
Pathogen causing gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonorrhea more likely in:
19X more common in African Americans
More common in females
You can be infected ______ times with gonorrhea
multiple
Women with Chlamydia
usually asymptomatic
Men with Chlamydia
painful urination and non-gonococcal urethritis (pus discharge from penis)
Pathogen causing chlamydia
chlamydia trachoma’s
Elementary bodies
infective form
reticulate bodies
reproductive form
Chlamydia is the most common ______ STD in the US
reportable
Infection of chlamydia in adolescence increases the risk of ______
cervical cancer
Lymphogranuloma venereum
chronic infection of lymphatic system causing a genital lesion and bubo in groin
Lymphogranuloma Venereum is an STD caused by different strains of
chlamydia trachomatis
Granuloma inguinale causes a
small, painless nodule that bursts and creates a “beefy red lesion”
Pathogen causing Granuloma inguinal
Klebsiella Granulomatis
transmission of Granuloma inguinale
sexually through contact with open sores
4 stages of syphilis
- Primary
- Secondary
- Latent
- Tertiary
Primary stage of syphilis
small, painless, reddened chancre at site of infection 10-21 days after exposure
Secondary stage of syphilis
widespread rash (no pain or itching, lasting months) and mild illness
Latent (3rd) stage of syphilis
clinically inactive
*most cases don’t advance beyond this
Tertiary (4th) stage of syphilis
1/3 of cases progress to this.
Causes dementia and gummas
Gummas
rubbery, painful swollen lesions that occur in bones, nerve tissue or skin
Pathogen causing syphilis
Treponema pallidum pallidum
Syphilis occurs ______ and is transmitted mostly _____ but sometimes ___-
worldwide; via sexual contact; mother to child
Chancroid symptoms
soft chancres (genital ulcers) that are large, painful, and white to pink
asymptomatic in females as chancre’s can be internal
Pathogen causing Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
Chancroid is transmitted
sexually
Genital Herpes are
small, painful blisters on or around the genitals or rectum that disappear after a short time but reoccur
Pathogen causing genital herpes
HHV2 is most common
-stays latent in sacral ganglia
Genital herpes are a ____ STD that is transmitted ____ and quadruples the risk of ______ infection
viral; sexually; HIV
Genital Warts
warts on the genitalia. Can be large growths “cauliflower-like” called condylomata acuminata
Pathogen causing genital warts
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) can cause cervical cancer in women and oropharyngeal cancer in men
Genital warts are _____ transmitted and the most common STD in the US but are not _____
sexually; reportable
AIDS is not a disease but a
syndrome
AIDS can lead to other infections such as:
- Candidiasis
- PCP
- Shingles
- CMV
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Disseminated herpes
- Tuberculosis
- Toxoplasmosis
HIV is founding
blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions and breast milk
To spread, HIV infected fluid must
contact a tear or lesion in the skin or mucous membrane
it can also be injected into the body
Blood test detecting antibodies against HIV
HIV + does NOT mean the patient has AIDS
Kaposi’s Sarcoma is a type of ___ cancer causing:
skin; bluish-red or purple bumps on the skin
pathogen causing Kaposi’s Sarcoma
HHV-8
Kaposi’s Sarcoma is rarely seen in
immunocompetent patients. Very common in those with HIV/AIDS
Tricomoniasis symptoms
“frothy green” vaginal discharge and irritation
-males are usually asymptomatic
pathogen causing trichomoniasis
trichomonad vaginalis
Trichomoniasis is transmitted primarily
via sexual intercourse. It is curable in women and increases the risk of an HIV infection
