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Microbiology > Exam 4: Digestive System > Flashcards

Exam 4: Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Peptic Ulcers are spread

A

by fecal-oral contamination

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2
Q

what can worsen peptic ulcer symptoms?

A

stress

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3
Q

Gastroenteritis is

A

inflammation of stomach or intestines caused by bacteria

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4
Q

Gastroenteritis can be associated with

A

contaminated food and water

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5
Q

General Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

A

nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps

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6
Q

campylobacter diarrhea causes

A

bloody and frequent diarrhea (10+ times a day) that can last 7-10 days

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7
Q

pathogen causing campylobacter diarrhea

A

campylobacter jejuni

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8
Q

Most common causative organism of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US

A

campylobacter jejuni

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9
Q

infection of campylobacter is caused by

A

humans consuming contaminated food, milk or water. Poultry is the most common source of the infection

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10
Q

prevention of campylobacter diarrhea

A

proper hygiene after handling raw poultry and cooking poultry throughly (165 degrees)

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11
Q

E. Coli infection causes

A

watery diarrhea

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12
Q

pathogen causing E.coli

A

escherichia coli

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13
Q

E.Coli can be called _____ in underdeveloped countries

A

Traveler’s Diarrhea

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14
Q

Gastroenteritis is the #1 disease that ________ causes

A

E.Coli

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15
Q

The #1 pathogen causing gastroenteritis is

A

Campylobacter Jejuni

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16
Q

Transmission of E.coli infection

A

fecal-oral, from consumption of undercooked beef or unpasteurized milk/ fruit juice contaminated with feces

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17
Q

Treatment of E.coli

A

based on symptoms but antidiarrheal drugs can prolong the symptoms

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18
Q

Prevention of E.coli

A

hand washing

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19
Q

2 diseases making up salmonellosis

A
  • Acute bacterial gastroenteritis

- Typhoid fever (enteric fever)

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20
Q

Acute bacterial gastroenteritis results from

A

food borne infection/ intoxication

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21
Q

Typhoid Fever (enteric fever) results from

A

bacterial invasion of the blood stream

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22
Q

Acute bacterial gastroenteritis is also known as

A

Salmonella food poisoning

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23
Q

Symptom of salmonella food poisoning

A

non bloody diarrhea

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24
Q

Symptom of Typhoid fever

A

peritonitis (caused by the bacteria perforating the intestinal wall)

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25
Q

Pathogen causing Salmonellosis

A

multiple Salmonella enterica serotypes

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26
Q

Serotypes causing typhoid fever

A

Thyphi and Paratyphi

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27
Q

Serotypes causing food poisoning

A

Entertidis and Typhimurium

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28
Q

Salmonella food poisoning is acquired by consuming

A

contaminated eggs, poultry, or inadequately pasteurized milk

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29
Q

Typhoid fever is acquired by

A

contaminated food or water

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30
Q

Treatment of salmonella food poisoning

A

self-limiting, treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement

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31
Q

prevention of salmonellosis

A

proper hygiene, avoiding raw eggs (especially if unpasteurized)

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32
Q

Shigellosis AKA

A

bacillary dysentery

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33
Q

Symptoms of Shigellosis

A

blood, pus, or mucus in stools

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34
Q

4 species of shigella causing bacillary dysentery

A

S. Sonnei (2/3 US)
S. Flexneri (1/3 US)
S. Dysenteriae
S. Boydii

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35
Q

Shigella produces ___ toxin that induces diarrhea

A

shiga toxin

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36
Q

Transmission of shigellosis

A

fecal-oral route by ingesting bacteria from contaminated hands or consuming contaminated foods (cold foods and prepared salads)

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37
Q

prevention of shigellosis

A

hand washing, especially after handling diapers

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38
Q

cholera causes

A

explosive water diarrhea and vomiting

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39
Q

more severe cases of Cholera can result in

A

death

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40
Q

pathogen causing cholera

A

vibrio cholerae

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41
Q

Vibrio cholerae produces ____ toxin and is the only vibrio that can survive in _____

A

produces cholera toxin; can survive in freshwater, MC vibrio to infect humans

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42
Q

Transmission of Cholera

A

fecal-oral route by ingesting contaminated food and water

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43
Q

diagnosis of Cholera

A

based on presence of rice-water stools

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44
Q

Severe cases of Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea develop

A

pseudomembranous colitis

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45
Q

pseudomembranous colitis

A

large sections of the colon slough off, can perforate the colon and its life-threatening

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46
Q

clostridium difficile causes

A

anti-microbial-associated diarrhea

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47
Q

Trigger of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea

A

any antimicrobial can trigger the disease

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48
Q

treatment of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea

A

probiotics are helpful in reducing C. Dif and other antibiotic-induced diarrhea

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49
Q

pathogen causing staphylococcal food poising

A

staphylococcus aureus

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50
Q

transmission of staphylococcal food poisoning

A

eating contaminated food (foods made by hand, require no cooking, salty) examples are sliced deli meat, puddings, some pastries and sandwiches

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51
Q

clostridial food poisoning symptoms

A

NO fever or N/V, benign infection lasting less than 24 hours

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52
Q

clostridial food poisoning is caused by

A

clostridium perfringens

53
Q

transmission of clostridial food poisoning

A

eating contaminated meat

54
Q

symptoms of peptic ulcers

A

abdominal pain

55
Q

duodenal ulcers are ____ by food

A

relieved

56
Q

gastric ulcers are _____ by food

A

exacerbated

57
Q

pathogen causing peptic ulcers

A

helicobacter pylori

58
Q

Yersinia food poisoning is passed by

A

contaminated pork

59
Q

Yersinia food poisoning often mimics a ____ and is common in ____

A

mimics an appendicitis, common in kids

60
Q

Bacillus cereus food poisoning AKA

A

Fried Rice Syndrome

61
Q

Bacillus cereus food poisoning is found in ___ dishes that have been _________

A

rice dishes that have been cooked and then held sat a warm temperature for a long time

62
Q

Mumps is a

A

viral disease

63
Q

Special symptoms of Mumps

A
  1. Parotitis- enlargement of parotid glands

2. Orchitis- inflammation of the testes

64
Q

Spread of Mumps

A

respiratory droplets or fomites contaminated with infected saliva

65
Q

People infected with mumps develop a

A

lifelong immunity

66
Q

Vaccine for mumps

A

MMR

67
Q

Pathogens causing Viral Gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus, Astrovirus, and Rotavirus

68
Q

Viral gastroenteritis is spread

A

via fecal-oral route

69
Q

Norovirus causes

A

90% of viral gastroenteritis

70
Q

Norovirus is the #1 cause of

A

food borne illness in the US

71
Q

Norovirus is considered an

A

emerging disease

72
Q

Astrovirus causes gastroenteritis with ____ but no ___

A

diarrhea but no vomiting

73
Q

Rotavirus is the most common cause of ______

A

infantile gastroenteritis

74
Q

Rotavirus causes _____ in developing countries

A

significant number of deaths

75
Q

Treatment of rotavirus

A

a vaccine is available

76
Q

Major sign of viral hepatitis

A

jaundice

77
Q

Hepatitis A is _____ to common household disinfectants and does not cause _______

A

resistant; does not cause chronic liver illness and a complete recovery occurs most of the time

78
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis A

A

fecal-oral route

79
Q

Treatment of Hepatitis A

A

vaccine available

80
Q

Hep B can cause _______ and a confection with Hepatitis D will______

A

severe liver damage; confection increases risk of permanent liver damage

81
Q

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is associated with

A

liver cancer

82
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis B

A

spread through infected needles, sexual intercourse, and passage to babies during childbirth

(blood, bonking, babies)

83
Q

Hepatitis C causes a ___ infection

A

chronic

84
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis C

A

needles, organ transplants, blood transfusions, and sexual activity

85
Q

Treatment of hepatitis C

A

none for a long time but there are new drugs on the market that take 12 weeks to treat someone

86
Q

Hepatitis D does not attach to ____- cells so it is a _____ virus

A

doesn’t attach to liver cells so it is a satellite virus that must connect with Hep B

(dependent)

87
Q

transmission of Hepatitis D

A

bodily fluids: sexual activity and contaminated needles

88
Q

Treatment of hepatitis D

A

no vaccine

89
Q

Hepatitis E AKA

A

enteric hepatitis

90
Q

Hep E is fatal in 20% of

A

pregnant women

91
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis E

A

fecal-oral Route

92
Q

Giardiasis is a ______ and also known as _____ fever

A

protozoan disease and known as beaver fever

93
Q

Giardiasis symptom

A

“rotten egg” smelling stools

94
Q

Giardiasis is one of the most common ______ in the US

A

waterborne gastrointestinal diseases

95
Q

Giardiasis causes an infection by

A

ingesting cysts in contaminated water or when swimming

This is why humans and pets shouldn’t drink unfiltered stream or river water

96
Q

Duodenal ulcer ___ by food

A

Relieved

97
Q

Gastric ulcer __ by food

A

Exacerbated

98
Q

Symptom of Cryptosporidiosis

A

Diarrhea that lasts up to 2 weeks

99
Q

Cryptosporidiosis is spread by

A

drinking contaminated water and fecal-oral transmission

100
Q

Most common type of amebiasis is _______ and it is ______

A

luminal amebiasis (90% of cases) is asymptomatic and

101
Q

pathogen causing amebiasis

A

entamoeba histolytica

102
Q

Transmission of Amebiasis

A

ingestion of cysts by consuming contaminated food or water, contaminated hands, or oral-anal intercourse

103
Q

Pathogen causing Cyclosporiasis

A

cyclospora cayetanensis

104
Q

Spread of Cyclosporiasis

A
  • ingestion of oocytes in contaminated food or drink
  • raspberries

considered an emerging disease

105
Q

Tapeworms are usually _____ but may cause ______ and an ____

A

asymptomatic; weight loss; intestinal blockage if the tapeworm is large enough

106
Q

Taenia Saginata

A

beef tapeworm

107
Q

Taenia Solium

A

pork tapeworm

108
Q

Humans become infected by tapeworms by

A

consuming raw or undercooked meat containing cysts

109
Q

Proglottids

A

segments of tapeworm that are found in fecal samples or in contaminated meat

110
Q

Pathogen known as “fish or broad tapeworm”

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

111
Q

Infection caused by fish tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothriasis

112
Q

Diphyllobothriasis

A

80% asymptomatic, may cause unexplained weight loss and in severe cases megaloblastic anemia

113
Q

Diphyllobothriasis is spread by

A

consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish

walleye pike, salmon, trout, perch, minnows

114
Q

Pathogen known as the canine tapeworm

A

echinococcus granulosus

115
Q

Canine tapeworms form _________ found primarily in the _____

A

hydatid cysts found mostly in the liver

116
Q

Canine tapeworm is transmitted by

A

consuming food or water contaminated by dog feces

117
Q

Ascariasis infections are mostly ______ but severe cases can result in _______

A

asymptomatic; severe cases can cause complete intestinal obstruction and become fatal

118
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

pathogen causing Ascariasis and is the largest nematode to infect humans

119
Q

Ascariasis is the

A

most common nematode infection of humans worldwide but is not common in the U.S.

120
Q

Hookworm is the

A

2nd most common helminthic in the US and world wide

121
Q

Hookworms can cause chronic

A

anemia, iron, and protein deficiencies

122
Q

Ground itch

A

an itchy site where the larvae penetrates the body

123
Q

2 hookworms that infect humans

A
  • Ancylostoma duodenale

- Necator americanus

124
Q

Transmission of hookworms

A

larvae penetrate the skin, usually the foot

125
Q

Prevention of hookworms

A

wearing shoes in endemic areas

126
Q

Pinworms cause

A

perianal itching

127
Q

Pathogen causing pinworms

A

enterobius vermicularis a nematode

128
Q

Dracunculiasis

A

Guinea worm disease

129
Q

pathogen causing Guinea worm disease

A

Dracunculus medinesis

Microbiology (11 decks)

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