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Microbiology > Exam 3: Chemicals > Flashcards

Exam 3: Chemicals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemical methods are more effective against

A

Enveloped viruses & vegetative cells of bacteria, fungi, ad Protozoa

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2
Q

10 major categories of antimicrobial chemicals

A
  1. Phenol ad phenolics
  2. Alcohols
  3. Halogens
  4. Oxidizing agents
  5. Surfactants
  6. Heavy metals
  7. Aldehydes
  8. Gaseous agents
  9. Enzymes
  10. Antimicrobials
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3
Q

Phenols are

A

Intermediate to low level disinfectants

Lysol, pine-sol

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4
Q

Alcohols are________ level disinfectants and include

A

Intermediate level

Rubbing alcohol and ethanol

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5
Q

Halogens are ____ level antimicrobial chemicals and include

A

Intermediate level

Iodine tablets, chlorine, bleach, bromine, iodophores (betadine)

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6
Q

Degerming for surgery is done with

A

Betadine

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7
Q

Oxidizing agents are ______ level disinfectants and antiseptics and include:

A

High level

Peroxide’s, ozone, and peracetic acid

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8
Q

Hydrogen peroxide can

A

Disinfect and sterilize surfaces

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9
Q

Ozone treatment is used on

A

Drinking water

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10
Q

Hydrogen peroxide _____ be used for wound care because

A

Should NOT; because it is cytotoxic to healthy cells and granulating tissues

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11
Q

Hydrogen peroxide should be used for

A
  1. Disinfecting inanimate objects
  2. Becoming a “peroxide blonde”
  3. Removing blood stains from clothing
  4. Combined with baking soda and vinegar for cleaning
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12
Q

To clean wounds use:

A

Normal saline or commercial wound cleansers

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13
Q

Normal saline is preferred for wound cleaning because

A

It is physiologic and always safe. But it does not clean dirty, necrotic wounds well

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14
Q

Commercial wound cleansers contain

A

Surfactant that helps life bacteria and cellular debris out of wounds

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15
Q

2 surfactants

A

Soap and detergents

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16
Q

Soaps are good _____ agents but are not ______

A

Degerming; not antimicrobial. Antimicrobial agents may be added

17
Q

Detergents are synthetic _____ level disinfectants that are ideal for:

A

Low level; ideal for medial and industrial applications including disinfecting adjusting tables

18
Q

Quats

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

A surfactant, Clorox wipes

19
Q

To disinfect adjusting tables

A
  • quats are preferred (Clorox wipes)

- phenol, alcohol, peroxide, and essential oils can be used

20
Q

Disinfecting adjusting tables

A
  1. Excess dirt should be cleaned first
  2. Wipe the surface to be disinfected
  3. Surface should be visibly wet for 4 minutes
  4. Allow surface to air dry
21
Q

Heavy metals are a ____ level bacteriostatic and fungiastic agent

A

Low level

22
Q

1% silver nitrate is used to prevent

A

Blindness caused by N. Gonorrhoeae

Replaced by less irritating antimicrobial ointments

23
Q

Thimerosal is a vaccine preservative that was replaced because of _____ in 1999

A

Mercury

24
Q

Heavy metals include

A

Arsenic, zinc, mercury, silver, and copper

25
Q

Aldehyde disinfectants

A
  1. Glutaraldehyde sterilizes (used in labs, hospitals, and dental offices)
  2. Formalin is formaldehyde and water and is used in embalming and disinfecting rooms and instruments
26
Q

Gaseous agents include

A

Ethylene oxide used in hospitals and dental offices

27
Q

Disadvantages of gaseous agents

A

Can be hazardous, highly explosive, poisonous and a carcinogenic

28
Q

Enzymes

A

Lysozyme used to reduce number of bacteria in cheese

Prionzyme: remove prions from medical instruments

29
Q

Antimicrobial are used for

A

Treatment of disease

30
Q

Soaps containing antimicrobial drugs are more effecting than those without in reducing presence of microbes. The concern is

A

Over use and the evolution of resistant microbes

31
Q

CDC recommendation for hand washing

A

Use mild, regular soap in warm water for 10-15 seconds for most cases

32
Q

Antimicrobial soaps should be reserved for

A

Handling food, care of newborns or high risk patients

33
Q

Tricolsan

A

Banned by FDA

34
Q

Alternative methods of cleaning

A

Steam cleaners heat water up to about 248 degrees Fahrenheit and kill 99% of bacteria,viruses, mold, and dust mites

Microbiology (11 decks)

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