Exam 3: Chemicals Flashcards
Chemical methods are more effective against
Enveloped viruses & vegetative cells of bacteria, fungi, ad Protozoa
10 major categories of antimicrobial chemicals
- Phenol ad phenolics
- Alcohols
- Halogens
- Oxidizing agents
- Surfactants
- Heavy metals
- Aldehydes
- Gaseous agents
- Enzymes
- Antimicrobials
Phenols are
Intermediate to low level disinfectants
Lysol, pine-sol
Alcohols are________ level disinfectants and include
Intermediate level
Rubbing alcohol and ethanol
Halogens are ____ level antimicrobial chemicals and include
Intermediate level
Iodine tablets, chlorine, bleach, bromine, iodophores (betadine)
Degerming for surgery is done with
Betadine
Oxidizing agents are ______ level disinfectants and antiseptics and include:
High level
Peroxide’s, ozone, and peracetic acid
Hydrogen peroxide can
Disinfect and sterilize surfaces
Ozone treatment is used on
Drinking water
Hydrogen peroxide _____ be used for wound care because
Should NOT; because it is cytotoxic to healthy cells and granulating tissues
Hydrogen peroxide should be used for
- Disinfecting inanimate objects
- Becoming a “peroxide blonde”
- Removing blood stains from clothing
- Combined with baking soda and vinegar for cleaning
To clean wounds use:
Normal saline or commercial wound cleansers
Normal saline is preferred for wound cleaning because
It is physiologic and always safe. But it does not clean dirty, necrotic wounds well
Commercial wound cleansers contain
Surfactant that helps life bacteria and cellular debris out of wounds
2 surfactants
Soap and detergents
Soaps are good _____ agents but are not ______
Degerming; not antimicrobial. Antimicrobial agents may be added
Detergents are synthetic _____ level disinfectants that are ideal for:
Low level; ideal for medial and industrial applications including disinfecting adjusting tables
Quats
Quaternary ammonium compounds
A surfactant, Clorox wipes
To disinfect adjusting tables
- quats are preferred (Clorox wipes)
- phenol, alcohol, peroxide, and essential oils can be used
Disinfecting adjusting tables
- Excess dirt should be cleaned first
- Wipe the surface to be disinfected
- Surface should be visibly wet for 4 minutes
- Allow surface to air dry
Heavy metals are a ____ level bacteriostatic and fungiastic agent
Low level
1% silver nitrate is used to prevent
Blindness caused by N. Gonorrhoeae
Replaced by less irritating antimicrobial ointments
Thimerosal is a vaccine preservative that was replaced because of _____ in 1999
Mercury
Heavy metals include
Arsenic, zinc, mercury, silver, and copper
Aldehyde disinfectants
- Glutaraldehyde sterilizes (used in labs, hospitals, and dental offices)
- Formalin is formaldehyde and water and is used in embalming and disinfecting rooms and instruments
Gaseous agents include
Ethylene oxide used in hospitals and dental offices
Disadvantages of gaseous agents
Can be hazardous, highly explosive, poisonous and a carcinogenic
Enzymes
Lysozyme used to reduce number of bacteria in cheese
Prionzyme: remove prions from medical instruments
Antimicrobial are used for
Treatment of disease
Soaps containing antimicrobial drugs are more effecting than those without in reducing presence of microbes. The concern is
Over use and the evolution of resistant microbes
CDC recommendation for hand washing
Use mild, regular soap in warm water for 10-15 seconds for most cases
Antimicrobial soaps should be reserved for
Handling food, care of newborns or high risk patients
Tricolsan
Banned by FDA
Alternative methods of cleaning
Steam cleaners heat water up to about 248 degrees Fahrenheit and kill 99% of bacteria,viruses, mold, and dust mites
