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Microbiology > Exam 1 Cont. > Flashcards

Exam 1 Cont. Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Inability to make attachment proteins or adhesins

A

Avirulent

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2
Q

Extracellular enzymes are secreted by

A

The pathogen

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3
Q

Hyaluronidase and collagenase break down ____ which allow bacteria to ____

A

Tissue; penetrate deeper

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4
Q

Toxins are chemicals that

A

Harm tissues or trigger host immune responses

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5
Q

Two types of toxins

A

Exotoxins

Endotoxins

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6
Q

Examples of exotoxins

A

Cytotoxins
Neurotoxins
Enterotoxins

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7
Q

Example of endotoxin

A

Lipid A

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8
Q

Antiphagocytic factors prevent

A

Phagocytosis via bacterial capsule and chemicals

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9
Q

Stages of infectious disease

A
  1. Incubation period
  2. Prodromal period
  3. Illness
  4. Decline
  5. Convalescence
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10
Q

Incubation period

A

Between infection and 1st symptoms or signs

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11
Q

Prodromal period

A

Short period of generalized, mild symptoms

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12
Q

Illness

A

Most severe stage, signs/symptoms most evident

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13
Q

Decline

A

Body slowly returns to normal

Immune system vanquish pathogens

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14
Q

Convalescence

A

Patient recovers from illness

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15
Q

Portals of exit

A 
Bodily secretions
Blood
Vaginal secretions
Breastmilk
Bodily wastes
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16
Q

Modes of transmission

A

Contact
Vehicle
Vector
Perinatal

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17
Q

Contact transmission

A

Direct, indirect or droplet

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18
Q

Fomite

A

Inanimate object involved in indirect transmission

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19
Q

Vehicle transmission

A

Air, water, foor, fecal-oral bodily fluids

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20
Q

Vector transmission

A

Arachnid or insect, biological or mechanical

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21
Q

Perinatal transmission

A

Mom to baby (placenta/breast milk)

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22
Q

Arthropod vectors

A

Animals that carry pathogens

23
Q

Mechanical vectors

A

Only carry pathogen

24
Q

Biological vectors

A

Serve as host for pathogen

25
Q

Disease vectors belong to

A

Arachnids

Insects

26
Q

_____ are most important arachnid vectors

A

Ticks

27
Q

____ do NOT cause disease

A

Spiders

28
Q

_____ are most important insect vector

A

Mosquitoes

29
Q

____ is Most important and common of ALL vectors

A

Mosquitoes

30
Q

Incidence

A

Number of NEW cases

31
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of TOTAL cases

32
Q

Endemic

A

Disease that normally occurs at regular intervals

33
Q

Sporadic

A

Few scattered cases

34
Q

Epidemic

A

Occurs at greater frequency than is usual

35
Q

Pandemic

A

Occurs on more than one continent

36
Q

Descriptive epidemiology

A

Tabulation of data and identify index case

37
Q

Index case

A

First cases of the disease

38
Q

Tabulation of data

A

Record location and time of disease

Collect patient info

39
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Acquired in health-care settings

40
Q

Exogenous nosocomial infection

A

Pathogen acquired from HC environment

41
Q

Endogenous nosocomial infection

A

Pathogen arises from microbiota bc of factors in HC setting

42
Q

Iatrogenic

A

From modern medical procedures

43
Q

most effective way to reduce nosocomial infections

A

Hand washing

44
Q

Notifiable diseases

A

Diseases for which HC workers are required to report to state health departments

45
Q

Foodborne illnesses due to comsumption of

A

Spoiled foods/foods containing harmful microbes or their products

46
Q

Two categories of food poisoning

A

Food infections

Food intoxications

47
Q

Food infections

A

Consumption of living microorganisms

48
Q

Food intoxications

A

Consumption of microbial toxins, NOT microbe

49
Q

Most common place foodborne illnesses come from

A

Restaurants

50
Q

Waterborne illnesses caused by consuming

A

Contaminated water

51
Q

Waterborne diseases in US

A

Rare

52
Q

1 MC foodborne pathogen

A

Norovirus

53
Q

2 MC foodborne illness

A

Salmonella

Microbiology (11 decks)

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