FINAL L1 - Innovation Flashcards
Innovations
Oros
Prodrugs
Combination products
Abuse deterrent
ADHD
Oral Vaccines
Sustained Release (Pulsatile)
Enteric
Inhalable
Fentanyl buccal
Fentana Patch
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Four Main types of Covid Vaccines in development:
mRNa
Vector Vaccines
Protein subunit vaccine
Whole, killed vaccine
mRna vaccine
Use mRNA to make a piece of the coronavirus spike. Will get attention of the immune system
Vector vaccine
Use another virus to carry in the genetic instructions to make spike protein
Protein subunit vaccine
Get little pieces of the target virus circulating in the system for the immune system to find and recognize
Whole, killed vaccine
Whole inactivated virus vaccines take longer to make because batches of the coronavirus must first be grown then killed using a chemical or heat, then made into a vaccine that can be injected to elicit an immune response
ADHD Drugs - Methylphenidate
(Look at table slide 5) Duration: avg. 3-5 hrs
Initial dose - 5-20 mg
Usual dosing range: 20-72mg/day
ADHD Drugs - Amphetamine based
(Look at table slide 6): Duration: 4-12 hrs
Initial dose: 2.5 mg every AM once or twice daily; to 20-30-70 mg caps
Usual dosing range: 10-40mg/30mg per day
ADHD Drugs - Nonstimulant
Intuniv (guanfacine XR)
Initial dose: 1 mg in the AM, titrate. Up to 24 hrs
Usual dosing range/max dose: Titrate
Dissolution testing
One of 5 main methods for insuring quality of tablets and capsules
(others are assay, impurities, content uniformity, and water)
T/F: Dissolution testing is the only method that can be linked to blood levels and bioavailability
True
T/F: Tablet must first disintegrate to go through with disintegration
True
The dissolution of the drug in the GI fluids must….
Occur before absorption can occur
Drugs high water solubility generally exhibit
Few formulation problems
For drugs of low water solubility the absorption rate may be…
Governed by the dissolution rate. in such cases, if dissolution occurs too slowly, absorption efficiency may suffer
Dissolution experiment:
Place tablet in dissolution apparatus
Measure rate of dissolution
Same as placing in a glass of water
Dissolution test measure rate of release of drug from a tablet
High solubility high permeability drugs require…
The least rigorous dissolution test
More rigorous dissolution testing is required for…
High solubility low permeability drugs
The MOST rigorous dissolution testing is required for…
Low solubility high permeability drugs. These are BCS Class 2 Drugs
Metadate CD
Look at Chart (Slide 15?)
Know how to compare dissolution rates
-
Steps in Film Coating
-Spray solution or dispersion of polymer, solvent, and plasticizer on to tablet
-Solution “wets” surface and spreads
-Solvent evaporates
-Polymer molecules “entangle”
-Film forms through coalescence
-Adhesion takes place between the coating and the surface
Know process/components of fluid bed coating
-
Polymers for film coating - nonenteric
-HPMC
-Methyl -Hydroxyethylcellulose
-Ethylcellulose
-HPC
Enteric Polymers
-Release drug in small intestine
-The omeprazole story
-Acrylate Polymers (Eudragit L and Eudragit S)
-CAP
-HPMCP
-PVAP
Matrix Tablet
Drug Embedded in polymer matrix
Know Process of Matrix Tablet diagram
-
Elementary Osmotic Pump (EOP) in concerta
Components:
-Delivery orifice
-Semipermeable membrane
-Drug-Containing Osmotic Core
allows water in
Look at diagram of EOP single chamber vs double chamber process
Slide 38
T/F: In dissolution there is no metabolism or excretion. All drug remains
True
For blood levels the drug is metabolized and excreted - goes to
0
