EXAM L7 Flashcards
Stability
Hydrolysis involves…
The attack of water on the molecule
Describe hydrolysis process
Water attacks molecule, molecule cleaves and breaks into two fragments
T/F: Water often reacts and degrades drugs
True
Describe oxidation
Process by which the elements of a material lose electrons when exposed to oxygen and its valence is correspondingly increased
T/F: Higher temperatures accelerate stability
True
A solution drug will be stable only…
At a given concentration
For a certain time
At a certain temperature
At a certain degree of light exposure
A solid drug will be stable only
For a certain time
At a certain temperature
At a certain degree of light exposure
T/F: Solutions decompose faster than solids
True
T/F: Compatibility is a problem for longer infusion times with piperacillin tazobactam extended fusions
True
Compatibility issues with longer infusions can occur in…
Antibiotics (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and vancomycin)
insulin
some vasopressors
Chemical reactions that cause drug degradation
Oxidation-reduction
Hydrolysis
Photolysis
Oxidation examples
Epinephrine
Caramelization of onions
How oxidation can be prevented
Protection from changes in temp
Control pH with buffers
Light protection - amber glass
Lower temp slows rxn
Chelating agents such as EDTA remove metal ions
Antioxidants can remove free radicals
Compounds likely to be hydrolyzed
Carbonyl group
Amide group
Cyclic amide
Some functions of dosage forms…
Provide an accurate dose
Promote drug dissolution
Promote delivery to the site of action
Ensure drug stability
Control drug delivery to the body
Determine dosing interval
