EXAM 3 L2

Question 1

Major types of powder dosage forms

Answer 1

Orally administered
Topical powder
Inhalation powder

Question 2

Physiochemical properties of powders

Answer 2

Particle size
Particle shape
Particle density
Solid state properties

Question 3

T/F: Particle size or size distribution can affect “processability” of the powders, and formulation performance

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Noyes Whitney Equation

Question 5

Dissolution of powders

Answer 5

Suspendability of suspensions
Uniformity of mix in liquids/powders
Particles aerosol behavior for inhalation
Segregation if powders have wide size distributions

Question 6

Sieving

Answer 6

Different sieves have different aperture (mass based size)

Question 7

Particle size distribution

Answer 7

D10, D50, D90, - shows how wide distribution is

Question 8

Laser diffraction

Answer 8

Measure particle sized distribution; volume based size

Question 9

Particle density two components

Answer 9

true density and bulk density

Question 10

Powder flowability

Answer 10

How easy the powder moves from one place to another
Important for material conveying and transportation, as well as capsule and tablet die filling

Question 11

Effects of powder properties on flowability

Answer 11

-Smaller particles usually have worse flowability
-Spherical particles generally have better flowability then need and plate shaped part.
-Milled part. are cohesive (sticky) and have poor flow

Question 12

Measurements of powder flowability

Answer 12

-Angle of response: funnel; angle of pile
-Carr Index: tapped density

Question 13

Powder comminution - particle size reduction strats.

Answer 13

-Improve dissolution and absorption
-Improve mixing homogeneity
-Effects of size reduction depend on design of the equipment, energy and shear inputs and properties of the materials

Question 14

Powder Comminution Methods:

Answer 14

-Mechanical milling
-Ball Mill: rotate and break particles with grinding medium
-Hammer Mill: Rotate at very high speed (with blades inside)
-Jet Mill: break down particles to VERY small size (1 micron)

Question 15

Powder Mixing (blending)

Answer 15

Mixing is a unit operation involving the manipulation of a heterogeneous physical system with the goal of making it homogeneous

Question 16

Major types of blending:

Answer 16

-Tumble blender( V-blender, Tote Blender, Turbula Blender): Passes it side to side to mix
-Blade blender: high shear blender, very big blades under blending chamber

Question 17

Granules

Answer 17

-Dry aggregates of particles
-Can be used as a dosage form
-Mostly are used for making capsules and tablets
-To improve powder flowability, reduce dusts, and enhance compact-ability

Question 18

Wet Granulation Process:

Answer 18

-Blending
-Adding Binder
-Granulation
-Drying
-Sieving
Ex. - High shear granulation

Question 19

Dry Granulation Process:

Answer 19

-Blending
-Compression
-Size Reduction
Ex. Roller Compaction

Question 20

Dry Granulation properties

Answer 20

-No liquid, which is suitable for some drugs that are unstable in liquid form
-Less processing steps and fewer risks compared to wet granulation
-Lose some compact-ability for tableting