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LA Sx scs RUSVM > Final: Gilbert (Male) > Flashcards

Final: Gilbert (Male) Flashcards

1
Q

Where to the retractor penis muscles attach in a bull?

A

Ventral surface of the penis

Distal to the second loop of the sigmoid flexure

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2
Q

What does the deep artery supply?

A

Corpus cavernosum

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3
Q

T/F: The blood supply to the corpus spongiosum and the superficial surfaces of the penis does not communicate with the blood supply to the corpus cavernosum in the bull.

A

True

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the tip of the penis in the bull? What is the parent nerve?

A

Dorsal nerve

Dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve

Divides when reaches head of penis

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5
Q

What structure allows the tip of a bulls penis to curl into a spiral upon ejaculation?

A

Apical ligament

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6
Q

T/F: Manual extension of the penis can only be done in castrated adult bulls.

A

False, only in young bulls

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7
Q

What nerve may be blocked to allow for insepection of the penis?

A

Pudendal nerve

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8
Q

Why may a farmer want to wait until the bull is older to castrate him?

A

Better growth

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9
Q

Integrity of the dorsal nerve of the penis is essential for:

a. Erection
b. Ejaculation
c. Intromission
d. Urination
e. A and B
f. B and C
g. A and D

A

f. B and C

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10
Q

What’s this?

A

Callicrate

Elastrator on roids

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11
Q

Why are preputial orfice ulcers more commonly seen in show bulls?

A

High protein diet = High urea

Hair around orifice clipped short (aesthetics) = Urine accumulation

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12
Q

How are umcomplicated decubital ulcers managed in rams?

A

Surgical excision

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13
Q

What part of the penis prolapses?

A

Lamina interna

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14
Q

When repairing preputial stenosis (cicatrix), how can post-op scar tissue formation be minimized?

A

Make angled, oval, or zig-zag incision

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15
Q

How is minor cicatrix repaired? (incision and suture)

A

Longitdinal incision

Suture transversely

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16
Q

Which AI injury typically occurs shortly after return from a bull’s “lay-off” period? How can it be avoided?

A

Preputial avulsion (penile laceration)

Make the artifical vagina a few degrees cooler (so he mounts less enthusiastically)

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17
Q

Prolpase of the prepuce is mainly a oroblem of

a. Bos taurus bulls
b. Bos indicus bulls
c. Beef bulls
d. Dairy bulls
e. A and C
f. B and C
g. A and D
h. B and D

A

f. B and C

Bos taurus polled breeds also get it (Hereford, Angus)

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18
Q

T/F: Preputial avulsion is almost exclusively a problem of bulls in artifical insemination studs

A

True

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19
Q

When does preputial separation normally occur in bulls?

A

Complete by 9 months (usually)

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20
Q

What is the condition called in which there is an area of incomplete attachment between the lamina interna and the shaft of the penis?

A

Persistent frenulum

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21
Q

What nerves can be blocked for reparing a persistent frenulum?

A

Pudendal (x2)

Dorsal

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22
Q

What is this lesion? What is the typical signalment? How can it be prevented?

A

Penile fibropapilloma (BPV-1)

Young bulls kept in groups

Give BPV-4 or 2 (skin papillomatosis) vaccine for cross-protection

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23
Q

What breed of bull is this and what condition does he have?

A

Sussex

Spiral/cork-screw penis

24
Q

What surgery can be done to correct a rainbow penis (penis that bends down when erect)?

A

Fascia latta transplant

Stips parallel to eachother around the penis

25
Q

Penile anesthesia may be achieved in bulls by:
A. Dorsal nerve block
B. Pudendal nerve block
C. Epidural block
D. Superficial inguinal nerve block
E. A and B

F. B and C

G. A and D

A

E. A and B

26
Q

What causes erection failure? What can be done to confirm this condition?

A

“Leakage” of corpus cavernosum

Contrast cavernosography

27
Q

What is the prediliction site for penile hematoma formation in bulls?

A

Distal part of sigmoid flexure - dorsal or dorsolateral

28
Q

What is the limit in penile hematoma size for conservative management?

A

15cm

29
Q

What are common complications with penile hematomas?

A

Abscess formation

Long term inflammation causes fibrosis of connective tissue causing layers to stick to eachother

30
Q

The site at which penile hematoma occurs in bulls is usually

a. Dorsolateral
b. Ventral
c. Near the tip of the penis
d. Proximal to the sigmoid flexure

A

a. Dorsolateral

Distal to sigmoid

31
Q

What is the prognosis for a young bull with vesiculitis?

A

Good

Recover spontaneously

32
Q

What is the prognosis for a old bull with vesiculitis? Treatment?

A

Poor

Vesiculectomy

33
Q

Involvement of what other structure in a bull with vesciculitis makes him a poor candidate for vesiculectomy?

A

Ampullae

34
Q

Where is the most common site for cryptorchidism in bulls?

A

Next to the penis

35
Q

A rectal tear is a potentially catastrophic event in ______.

A

Horses

36
Q

What is the most common cause of rectal tears in horses?

a. Fingers penetrating the mucosa on rectal palpation
b. Strainging/peristalsis against the arm/hand on rectal palpation
c. Spontaneous
d. Tenesmus

A

b. Strainging/peristalsis against the arm/hand on rectal palpation

37
Q

T/F: Most rectal tears occur ventrally.

A

False, dorsally

38
Q

A small dose (60mg) of _____ can be used to help prevent rectal tears.

A

Buscopan (Butylscopolamine)

39
Q

When can spontaneous rectal tears occur in mare?

A

Post-foaling

  • Pressure of baby against pelvis crushes the rectum and tears it against the brim of the pelvis*
  • Think rectal tear if mare develops acute extreme colic post-partum*
40
Q

What can you give to stop rectal contractions?

A

Epidural

Xylazine

Butorphanol

Buscopan

Lidocaine enema or gel

41
Q

What are the grades of rectal tears?

A

I

II

IIIa

IIIb

IV

42
Q

What can be done to prevent aspiration of foreign material into the body via a rectal tear?

A

Keep horse standing

43
Q

Most rectal tears associated with transrectal palpation in horses are

a. Ventral
b. Dorsal
c. Any location

A

b. Dorsal

44
Q

What are the 3 options for surgical repair of a rectal tear?

A

Direct suture repair

Temporary indwelling rectal liner

Loop colostomy

45
Q

A temporary indwelling rectal liner should be secured _____ to the tear.

A

Oral/ upstream

46
Q

How is cranial movement of an indwelling rectal sleeve prevented?

A

Cross tie

47
Q

Why is a loop-colostomy preferred to an end-colostomy?

A

Easier to reverse

48
Q

While palpating a valuable broodmare for diagnosis of pregnancy you feel a slight “give” in the rectum above your hand. There is a small amount of blood on your hand. Careful digitl exploration reveals a 2cm dorsal partial thickness tear. You advise the owner to:

A. Destroy the mare immediately before she suffers

B. Cross tie the mare, administer banamine and antibiotics, watch carefully

C. Send the mare immediately for surgery at a referral clinic

D. Turn mare out in a large pasture

A

B. Cross tie the mare, administer banamine and antibiotics, watch carefully

49
Q

Cellulitis, abscess, toxemia, lamiitis, intestinal adhesions, stricture, diverticulum and fistula formation are all possible consequences of which grades of rectal tears?

A

III and IV

50
Q

Which type of rectal prolapse (I-IV) involves all layers of the rectum?

A

II

(two)

51
Q

Which types of rectal prolapse are most common?

A

I and II

(one and two)

52
Q

Upon palpating a sheep with a rectal prolapse you feel a depression or “trench” around the prolapsing small colon. What type of prolapse is this?

A

Type IV

53
Q

What can be done in addition to replacement of a rectal prolapse and purse string suture to increase fibrosis?

A

Perirectal injections of iodine

54
Q

What can be given to decrease the swelling of a rectal prolapse

A

Hypertonic saline

Glycerol

Gilbert likes glycerol for all kinds of prolapses, highly hydroscopic

55
Q

Which technique of amputation post rectal prolapse reduces the risk of stricture formation?

A

Stair step amputation

56
Q

T/F: Rectal prolapse in a sheep always requires amputation of at least come portion of rectum.

A

False

LA Sx scs RUSVM (20 decks)

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